A randomized, assessor‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre, phase IV comparative trial of a suffocant compared with malathion in the treatment of head lice in children

Greive, Kerryn A; Lui, Ada H; Barnes, Tanya M; Oppenheim, VM Jane

doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00622.x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…11 A suffocant-based treatment outperformed malathion 1% in a clinical trial. 12 Apart from efficacy, primary consideration must be the treatment's safety. Other botanicals such as Tea Tree Gel and Chick-Chack have demonstrated pediculicidal efficacies of up to 96% and 92%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Neem Oil 6% w/w and Eucalyptus Oil 16% w/w Lotion for Treating Head Lice: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Studies

Thawornchaisit

Amornsak

Mahannop³

et al. 2012

Pharmacy Practice and Res

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Aim: To test a combined neem oil 6% w/w and eucalyptus oil 16% w/w lotion for the whole-of-life cycle treatment of human head lice (Pediculus humanus var. capitis) infestation. Method: Preliminary formulations of dilutions of neem and eucalyptus oils in isopropanol were tested for pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacies against Pediculus humanus var. capitis. This trial informed the development of a stable formulation consisting of neem oil 6% w/w and eucalyptus oil 16% w/w in a hydrophobic carrier (mixture of lanolin and silicones), which was also tested in vitro for pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacies against Pediculus humanus var. capitis. The lotion was then tested in vivo (clinical study) in volunteer Thai female students. At the conclusion of the in vivo study, participants and their parents/guardians completed a questionnaire pertaining to their perceptions and acceptance of the treatment. Results: Initial in vitro testing demonstrated pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacies of 96% and 100%, respectively. The clinical study involving 45 volunteer Thai female students aged 7 to 12 years, with 2 applications of the lotion on the scalp and hair 1 week apart, showed significant in vivo activity. Pediculicidal efficacies of 93% and 97% and ovicidal efficacies of 80% and 100% were measured 2 days after the first and second application of the lotion. Participants and their parents/ guardians indicated strong acceptance of the formulation. Conclusion:The combined neem oil 6% w/w and eucalyptus oil 16% w/w lotion demonstrated high pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacy for Pediculus humanus var. capitis infestation. J Pharm Pract Res 2012; 42: 189-92.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Neem Oil 6% w/w and Eucalyptus Oil 16% w/w Lotion for Treating Head Lice: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Studies

Thawornchaisit

Amornsak

Mahannop³

et al. 2012

Pharmacy Practice and Res

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“…The safety of the EO/LP solution was patch tested as previously described . Briefly, the EO/LP solution (0.2 mL) was dispensed onto a patch which was affixed directly to the skin of the back and left in place for 24 h. This procedure was repeated every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 3 consecutive weeks, for a total of nine consecutive 24‐h exposures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of Australian essential oils for the treatment of head lice infestation in children: A randomised controlled trial

Greive¹,

Barnes²

2017

Aust J Dermatology

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BackgroundThe increase in resistance of head lice to neurotoxic pediculicides and public concern over their safety has led to an increase in alternative treatments, many of which are poorly researched or even untested.MethodsA multicentre, randomised, assessor‐blind, parallel‐group trial (Trial 1) was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of a head lice treatment containing Australian eucalyptus oil and Leptospermum petersonii (EO/LP solution; applied thrice with 7‐day intervals between applications) with a neurotoxic treatment containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (P/PB mousse; applied twice with a 7‐day interval) in children. A single‐blind, open trial (Trial 2) was conducted to assess the efficacy of EO/LP solution following a single application. In addition, skin irritancy and sensitisation tests using EO/LP solution were performed in adults and children. In vitro tests were performed to further assess the ovicidal and pediculicidal efficacy of EO/LP solution.ResultsEO/LP solution was found to be more than twice as effective in curing head lice infestation as P/PB mousse in per‐protocol participants (Trial 1; 83% vs 36%, P < 0.0001), and was also found to be 100% pediculicidal following a single application (Trial 2). Adverse events were limited to transient itching, burning or stinging. Further skin testing with the EO/LP solution reported no irritation or sensitisation in adults, or irritation in children. In vitro exposure of lice and eggs to the EO/LP solution resulted in 100% mortality.ConclusionThe efficacy, safety and relative ease of use of the EO/LP solution make it a viable alternative in treating head lice.

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“…Malathion 0.5% lotion on dry hair, wash out 12 h after application (level of evidence IV; grade C recommendation). Instruct patient to avoid heat exposure (including electric hair dryer) as malathion products are potentially flammable {level of evidence Ib; grade A} Ivermectin was reported as efficient but different dosages are used.…”

Section: Second‐line Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

European guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis

Sălăvăstru

Chosidow

Janier

et al. 2017

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Pediculosis pubis is caused by Phthirus pubis. The disease can be sexually transmitted. Patients main complain is of itch in the pubic area. The parasite can be spotted with the naked eye and blue macules can be observed in the pubic area. First line therapy consists of permethrin or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide. Second line therapy contains phenothrin, malathion and oral ivermectin. Partner management needs a look-back period of time of 3 months. Pubic lice incidence is increased in populations groups living in crowded spaces with scarce sanitary conditions as in time of war or disaster.

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A randomized, assessor‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre, phase IV comparative trial of a suffocant compared with malathion in the treatment of head lice in children

Abstract: The suffocant is shown to be significantly more effective in eliminating head lice than malathion in children, while being associated with a low incidence of mild, transient adverse events.

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Combined Neem Oil 6% w/w and Eucalyptus Oil 16% w/w Lotion for Treating Head Lice: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Studies

Combined Neem Oil 6% w/w and Eucalyptus Oil 16% w/w Lotion for Treating Head Lice: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Studies

The efficacy of Australian essential oils for the treatment of head lice infestation in children: A randomised controlled trial

European guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis

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