A randomized clinical trial of continuous-flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair

Luhmann, Jan D.; Kennedy, Robert M.; Porter, Fran; Miller, J. Philip; Jaffe, David M.

doi:10.1067/mem.2001.112003

Cited by 121 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen (EMNO) is currently in use to prevent iatrogenic pain in the child [1,4,5,7,13] and in odontology [10]. The side effects of N 2 O are relatively mild.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen to prevent pain induced by insertion of venous access ports in cancer patients

Douard¹,

Palma

d’Agostino³

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen to prevent pain induced by insertion of venous access ports in cancer patients

Douard¹,

Palma

d’Agostino³

et al. 2005

Support Care Cancer

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“…Both 50% and 30% N 2 O:O 2 mixtures have been shown to be effective adjuncts to lignocaine (lidocaine) in the repair of lacerations, 16 17 [level 2b] while one more recent and better designed study demonstrated that 50% N 2 O was superior to oral midazolam for this purpose, with a combination of the two agents increasing side effects without additional benefit. 18 [level 1b] 50% N 2 O also compared favourably with intramuscular morphine and sedation in paediatric forearm fracture manipulation. 19 [level 2b] Gregory reported that N 2 O produced similar levels of analgesia to lignocaine Bier's block in paediatric forearm fracture manipulation, 20 [level 2b] but Hennrikus demonstrated less impressive results when comparing 50% nitrous oxide and haematoma block with 50% nitrous oxide alone.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide in emergency medicine

O’Sullivan

Benger²

2003

Emergency Medicine Journal

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“…Inhaled 50% N 2 O / 50% oxygen reduced pain and anxiety during laceration repair (Burton et al, 1998 Level II;Luhmann et al, 2001 Level II) in children.…”

Section: Laceration Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of opioid patch initiation in Australian residential aged care

Gadzhanova

Roughead

Pont

2015

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To explore opioid use by aged care facility residents before and after initiation of transdermal opioid patches. Design: A cross‐sectional cohort study, analysing pharmacy data on individual patient supply between 1 July 2008 and 30 September 2013. Setting: Sixty residential aged care facilities in New South Wales. Participants: Residents receiving an initial opioid patch during the study period. Main outcome measure: The proportion of residents who were opioid‐naive in the 4 weeks prior to patch initiation was determined. In addition, the patch strength at initiation and the daily dose of transdermal patches and of additional opioids 1 month after initiation were determined. Results: An opioid patch was initiated in 596 of 5297 residents (11.3%: 2.6% fentanyl, 8.7% buprenorphine) in the 60 residential aged care facilities. The mean age at initiation was 87 years, and 74% of the recipients were women. The proportion of recipients who were opioid‐naive before patch initiation was 34% for fentanyl and 49% for buprenorphine. Most were initiated at the lowest available patch strength, and the dose was up‐titrated after initiation. Around 15% of fentanyl users and 10% of buprenorphine users needed additional regular opioids after patch initiation. Conclusions: The results suggest some inappropriate initiation of opioid patches in Australian residential aged care facilities. Contrary to best practice, a third of residents initiated on fentanyl patches were opioid‐naive in the 4 weeks before initiation.

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A randomized clinical trial of continuous-flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair

Cited by 121 publications

References 31 publications

Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen to prevent pain induced by insertion of venous access ports in cancer patients

Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen to prevent pain induced by insertion of venous access ports in cancer patients

Nitrous oxide in emergency medicine

Safety of opioid patch initiation in Australian residential aged care

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