A Randomized Controlled Trial for Audiovisual Multisensory Perception in Autistic Youth

Feldman, Jacob; Dunham, Kacie; DiCarlo, Gabriella E.; Cassidy, Margaret; Liu, Yupeng; Suzman, Evan; Williams, Zachary J.; Pulliam, Grace; Kaiser, Sophia; Wallace, Mark T.; Woynaroski, Tiffany G.

doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05709-6

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Partici pants’ magnitude of integration for audiovisual speech was measured using a previously developed McGurk task (for further information regarding task development and details, see Dunham et al 2020; Feldman et al 2020, 2021). Briefly, stimuli for this task were auditory, visual, or auditory-visual clips of a female speaker saying the syllables “pa” and “ka” at a natural rate and volume with neutral affect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Microphone Systems Can Improve Listening-in-Noise Accuracy and Listening Effort for Youth With Autism

et al. 2022

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Objectives: This study examined whether remote microphone (RM) systems improved listening-in-noise performance in youth with autism. We explored effects of RM system use on both listening-in-noise accuracy and listening effort in a well-characterized sample of participants with autism. We hypothesized that listening-in-noise accuracy would be enhanced and listening effort reduced, on average, when participants used the RM system. Furthermore, we predicted that effects of RM system use on listening-in-noise accuracy and listening effort would vary according to participant characteristics. Specifically, we hypothesized that participants who were chronologically older, had greater nonverbal cognitive and language ability, displayed fewer features of autism, and presented with more typical sensory and multisensory profiles might exhibit greater benefits of RM system use than participants who were younger, had less nonverbal cognitive or language ability, displayed more features of autism, and presented with greater sensory and multisensory disruptions. Design:We implemented a within-subjects design to investigate our hypotheses, wherein 32 youth with autism completed listening-in-noise testing with and without an RM system. Listening-in-noise accuracy and listening effort were evaluated simultaneously using a dual-task paradigm for stimuli varying in complexity (i.e., syllable-, word-, sentence-, and passage-level). In addition, several putative moderators of RM system effects (i.e., sensory and multisensory function, language, nonverbal cognition, and broader features of autism) on outcomes of interest were evaluated.Results: Overall, RM system use resulted in higher listening-in-noise accuracy in youth with autism compared with no RM system use. The observed benefits were all large in magnitude, although the benefits on average were greater for more complex stimuli (e.g., key words embedded in sentences) and relatively smaller for less complex stimuli (e.g., syllables). Notably, none of the putative moderators significantly influenced the effects of the RM system on listening-in-noise accuracy, indicating that RM system benefits did not vary according to any of the participant characteristics assessed. On average, RM system use did not have an effect on listening effort across all youth with autism compared with no RM system use but instead yielded effects that varied according to participant profile. Specifically, moderated effects indicated that RM system use was associated with increased listening effort for youth who had (a) average to below-average nonverbal cognitive ability, (b) belowaverage language ability, and (c) reduced audiovisual integration. RM system use was also associated with decreased listening effort for youth with very high nonverbal cognitive ability. Conclusions:This study extends prior work by showing that RM systems have the potential to boost listening-in-noise accuracy for youth with autism. However, this boost in accuracy was coupled with increased listening effort, as indexed by longer...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Microphone Systems Can Improve Listening-in-Noise Accuracy and Listening Effort for Youth With Autism

et al. 2022

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“…This suggests that autistic individuals perform a more time-consuming analysis of bimodal compared to unimodal emotional cues but can thereby still achieve the same relative improvement of accuracy. We suppose that this compensational strategy evolves during childhood development, since previous literature identified generally larger multisensory integration deficits in younger children than in adolescents (36) and particularly, the bimodal facilitation of accuracy in speech recognition (as a social stimulus) was impaired in autistic children (7-12 years) but not adolescents [13-15 years (43)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In the current study, we focus on multisensory facilitation (MSF) of accuracy and multisensory facilitation of response time as two distinct parameters of multisensory integration. Compared to non-autistic people, autistic individuals have been shown to benefit significantly less from multimodal presentation, in terms of both accuracy as well as response time, with an overall effect size of −0.41, indicating a small-to-moderate effect across various stimuli in a recent meta-analysis (36). Thereby, multisensory facilitation of response time has been frequently investigated using simple, non-social stimuli (e.g., beeps or flashes) and comparing response times to unimodal and audiovisual presentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impairments in recognition of emotional facial expressions, affective prosody, and multisensory facilitation of response time in high-functioning autism

et al. 2023

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IntroductionDeficits in emotional perception are common in autistic people, but it remains unclear to which extent these perceptual impairments are linked to specific sensory modalities, specific emotions or multisensory facilitation.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate uni- and bimodal perception of emotional cues as well as multisensory facilitation in autistic (n = 18, mean age: 36.72 years, SD: 11.36) compared to non-autistic (n = 18, mean age: 36.41 years, SD: 12.18) people using auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli.ResultsLower identification accuracy and longer response time were revealed in high-functioning autistic people. These differences were independent of modality and emotion and showed large effect sizes (Cohen’s d 0.8–1.2). Furthermore, multisensory facilitation of response time was observed in non-autistic people that was absent in autistic people, whereas no differences were found in multisensory facilitation of accuracy between the two groups.DiscussionThese findings suggest that processing of auditory and visual components of audiovisual stimuli is carried out more separately in autistic individuals (with equivalent temporal demands required for processing of the respective unimodal cues), but still with similar relative improvement in accuracy, whereas earlier integrative multimodal merging of stimulus properties seems to occur in non-autistic individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests, is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 2.3% children aged 8 years in the US and approximately 2.2% of adults ( 1 ). ASD children have obvious defects in visual and auditory information integration compared with normal children ( 2 , 3 ). The ability to integrate the visual and auditory components of social stimuli is theorized to be particularly critical to developing accurate, unified representations of the sensory world and foundational to the development of higher-order social, communication, and cognitive skills ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different types of visual music on the prefrontal hemodynamics of children with autism spectrum disorder based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Shu¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Transl Pediatr

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Background: Music therapy has been shown to improve communication in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but little is known about how different types of music and images affect hemodynamic changes in the frontal lobe of the brain in children with ASD. This study aims to use functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the effects of different types of visual music on different brain regions of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in the prefrontal lobe of children with ASD and children with typical development (TD), so as to provide evidence for better application of different types of visual music in the treatment of children with ASD. Methods: Seven children with ASD and nine matched children with TD were selected. Changes in HbO in their prefrontal lobes were determined by fNIRS after resting states and 12 different types of visual music tasks. Results: (I) Intra-group comparison: the influence of different types of light and music on ∆HbO in ROI (zone F) of ASD children is different, the activation degree shows that red light & positive music is less than green light & neutral music, red light & positive music is less than blue light & negative music, and there is no difference between green light & neutral music and blue light & negative music. (II) Comparison between groups: Visual musical tasks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 positively activated HbO in the prefrontal B and E regions of the brain in children with ASD and negatively activated HbO in TD children. Visual musical tasks 5, 9, 10, and 12 negatively activated HbO in the prefrontal F regions of the brain in children with ASD and positively activated HbO in TD children. Conclusions: When the two groups of children received the same visual music task, the changes of HbO in different regions of the prefrontal lobe were different; The effects of different types of visual music on the frontal lobe of the brain in children with ASD are inconsistent.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial for Audiovisual Multisensory Perception in Autistic Youth

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

Remote Microphone Systems Can Improve Listening-in-Noise Accuracy and Listening Effort for Youth With Autism

Remote Microphone Systems Can Improve Listening-in-Noise Accuracy and Listening Effort for Youth With Autism

Impairments in recognition of emotional facial expressions, affective prosody, and multisensory facilitation of response time in high-functioning autism

Effects of different types of visual music on the prefrontal hemodynamics of children with autism spectrum disorder based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy

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