A Randomized Controlled Trial of Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Women: No Change in Free‐Living Energy Expenditure

Gavin, Kathleen M.; Melanson, Edward L.; Hildreth, Kerry L.; Gibbons, Ellie; Bessesen, Daniel H.; Kohrt, Wendy M.

doi:10.1002/oby.22978

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although free-living TDEE (as measured by doubly labeled water) decreased 93 kcal/day and RMR decreased 59 kcal/day in the GnRH agonist group, these differences were nonsignificant within or between groups. There were also no significant alterations in physical activity energy expenditure, although these results may be due to large variability in energy expenditure components observed in this study [75]. In sum, it appears that reduced estrogen may decrease RMR and TDEE in confined settings; however, these changes may not translate to free-living settings as evidenced by results from doubly labeled water.…”

Section: Estrogen and Total Daily Energy Expenditurecontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Furthermore, 24 h EE measured via whole room indirect calorimetry was also reduced by estrogen suppression (~100-110 kcal/day), but was not prevented by estradiol addback [74]. A similar follow-up study was conducted in which premenopausal women were randomized to 24 weeks of GnRH agonist (N = 14), GnRH agonist + aerobic exercise (N = 11), or placebo (N = 9) [75]. Although free-living TDEE (as measured by doubly labeled water) decreased 93 kcal/day and RMR decreased 59 kcal/day in the GnRH agonist group, these differences were nonsignificant within or between groups.…”

Section: Estrogen and Total Daily Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

et al. 2021

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Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment. Longitudinal studies suggest that BCS reduce self-reported energy intake and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Although some evidence suggests that resting metabolic rate is higher in BCS than in age-matched controls, no study has measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in this population. Whether physical activity levels are altered in BCS is unclear, but evidence suggests that light-intensity physical activity is lower in BCS compared to age-matched controls. We also discuss the mechanisms through which estrogen suppression may impact energy balance and develop a theoretical framework of dietary intake and TDEE interactions in BCS. Preclinical and human experimental studies indicate that estrogen suppression likely elicits increased energy intake and decreased TDEE, although this has not been systematically investigated in BCS specifically. Estrogen suppression may modulate energy balance via alterations in appetite, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity. There are several potential areas for future mechanistic energetic research in BCS (e.g., characterizing predictors of intervention response, appetite, dynamic changes in energy balance, and differences in cancer sub-types) that would ultimately support the development of more targeted and personalized behavioral interventions.

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Section: Estrogen and Total Daily Energy Expenditurecontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Estrogen and Total Daily Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Our findings concur with previous research that menopausal status and sex hormone levels do not robustly determine REE adj during midlife. Although ovarian hormone suppression studies in premenopausal women have shown some yet not fully convincing evidence of a REE adj decline ( 40 , 41 ), MHT interventions show no clear effect on REE in postmenopause ( 15 , 17 , 18 ). In the present study, the MHT users had even lower REE than postmenopausal women who did not use MHT after adjusting for FFM, FM, and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age But Not Menopausal Status Is Linked to Lower Resting Energy Expenditure

Karppinen

Wiklund²,

Ihalainen

et al. 2023

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context It remains uncertain whether aging before late adulthood and menopause are associated with fat-free mass and fat mass–adjusted resting energy expenditure (REEadj). Objectives We investigated whether REEadj differs between middle-aged and younger women and between middle-aged women with different menopausal statuses. We repeated the age group comparison between middle-aged mothers and their daughters to partially control for genotype. We also explored whether serum estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations explain REEadj in midlife. Methods We divided 120 women, including 16 mother–daughter pairs, into age groups; group I (n=26) consisted of participants aged 17–21, group II (n=35) of those aged 22–38 and group III (n=59) of those aged 41–58 years. The women in group III were further categorized as pre- or perimenopausal (n=19), postmenopausal (n=30) or postmenopausal hormone therapy users (n=10). REE was assessed using indirect calorimetry, body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hormones using immunoassays. Results The REEadj of group I was 126 kcal/d (95% CI: 93–160) higher than that of group III, and the REEadj of group II was 88 kcal/d (95% CI: 49–127) higher. Furthermore, daughters had a 100 kcal/d (95% CI: 63–138 kcal/d) higher REEadj than their middle-aged mothers (all P<0.001). In group III, REEadj was not lower in postmenopausal women and did not vary by sex hormone concentrations. Conclusions We demonstrated that REEadj declines with age in women before late adulthood, also when controlling partially for genetic background, and that menopause may not contribute to this decline.

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“…Our findings concur with previous research that menopausal status and sex hormone levels do not robustly determine REE adj during midlife. Although ovarian hormone suppression studies in premenopausal women have shown some yet not fully convincing evidence of a REE adj decline (36,37), MHT interventions show no clear effect on REE in postmenopause (15,17,18). In the present study, the MHT users had even lower REE than postmenopausal women who did not use MHT after adjusting for FFM, FM and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our finding that menopausal status or sex hormone concentrations did not explain REEadj in midlife broadly agrees with previous studies. Long-term ovarian hormone suppression studies in premenopausal women have shown some yet not fully convincing evidence of a REEadj decline (36,37), while MHT has no apparent effect on REE in postmenopause (15,17,18). Observational evidence suggests that menopause has a negligible impact on REEadj.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age but not menopausal status is linked to lower resting energy expenditure

Karppinen

Wiklund²,

Ihalainen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Uncertainty remains whether ageing before late adulthood and menopause reduce fat-free mass and fat mass-adjusted resting energy expenditure (REEadj). We therefore investigated whether REEadj differs 1) between middle-aged and younger women and 2) in middle-age by menopause status. We repeated the age group comparison between middle-aged mothers and their daughters to partially control for genotype. We also explored whether oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations or body fat percentage explain REEadj in midlife. Methods: We divided 120 women, including 16 mother–daughter pairs, into age groups. Group I (n=26) consisted of participants aged 17-21, group II (n=35) aged 22–38 and group III (n=59) aged 41-58 years. Group III women were pre- or perimenopausal (n=19), postmenopausal (n=30) or postmenopausal hormone therapy users (n=10). REE was assessed using indirect calorimetry, body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hormones using immunoassays. Results: Group I had 126 kcal/d (95% confidence interval [CI], 93–160; P<0.001) higher REEadj than group III, while group II had 88 kcal/d (CI, 49-127; P<0.001) higher REEadj. Furthermore, the daughters had 100 kcal/d (CI, 63-138; P<0.001) higher REEadj than their mothers. In group III, REEadj did not differ by menopause status, but body fat percentage was positively associated with REEadj (beta=0.39, P=0.003). Conclusions: We demonstrated that REE declines with age in women before late adulthood, even when controlling for body composition and partially for genetic background, and that menopause does not contribute to the decline in REEadj. Menopause-associated fat accumulation may actually elevate REEadj.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Women: No Change in Free‐Living Energy Expenditure

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review

Age But Not Menopausal Status Is Linked to Lower Resting Energy Expenditure

Age but not menopausal status is linked to lower resting energy expenditure

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