A randomized controlled trial of low carbohydrate and low fat/high fiber diets for weight loss.

Baron, John A.; Schori, A; Crow, B.A.; Carter, R; Mann, Jim

doi:10.2105/ajph.76.11.1293

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The literature on rates of weight loss with different diet components in conventional dietetic practice is rather small. The results of Baron et al (1986) were unexpected in showing greater weight loss on a low CHO diet. Other studies have failed to show differences on higher versus lower CHO and dietary ®bre diets (Alford et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The view that starchy foods such as bread and potatoes promote obesity remains widespread in the 1990s despite an almost universal shift in scienti®c opinion, to favour the use of high CHO (high ®bre) diets for slimming. Baron et al (1986), however, described greater weight loss with a low CHO diet in a free living sample. Bortz et al (1967Bortz et al ( , 1968 employed very low calorie diets (800 kcal/d) in a captive metabolic ward condition and found no difference between the rates of weight loss with diets containing high or low energy from CHO, leading to the classic assertion`a calorie is a calorie'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Weight loss with high and low carbohydrate 1200 kcal diets in free living women

et al. 1997

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This randomised controlled trial examined anthropometric changes and cardiovascular bene®ts of six months of weight management in 110 free living women, aged 18±68 y and BMI 25±50 kg/m 2 , who received 1200 kcal/d diet treatments of either high (58% energy, n 57) or low (35% energy, n 53) carbohydrate (CHO) content. Body weight, plasma total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and blood pressure were measured. Examination at three months showed women on high CHO lost (mean AE s.e.m.) 4.3 AE 0.5 kg and those on low CHO lost 5.6 AE 0.6 kg of body weight. Changes in risk factors did not signi®cantly differ between the two diet treatments throughout the study. However those on high CHO diets signi®cantly lowered their plasma total cholesterol by 0.33 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.10, 0.55), LDL cholesterol by 0.23 mmol/l (0.02, 0.43) and HDL cholesterol by 0.05 mmol/l (0.03, 0.10), while women on low CHO diets lowered only plasma triglyceride by 0.28 mmol/l (0.08, 0.48). Blood pressure did not change signi®cantly on either diet. After six months, women on high CHO lost 5.6 AE 0.8 kg and those on low CHO lost 6.8 AE 0.8 kg. On the high CHO diet, total cholesterol remained signi®cantly below the baseline value at 0.34 mmol/l (0.13, 0.56), triglyceride was signi®cantly lowered by 0.27 mmol/l (0.10, 0.45), and HDL cholesterol returned to the baseline value. On the low CHO diet, triglyceride remained the only risk factor to be signi®cantly improved. A subgroup of 46 postmenopausal women lost signi®cantly (P`0.05) more weight on the low CHO diet than high CHO diet. In conclusion, these results provided some support for preferring a high CHO diet to a lower CHO approach in weight management, from the point of view of risk reduction, but do not indicate a consistently more rapid weight loss with either diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Weight loss with high and low carbohydrate 1200 kcal diets in free living women

et al. 1997

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“…However, the important question remains whether a specific macronutrient composition of the diet can facilitate reduction of energy intake under realistic ad libitum conditions. Table 1 shows the characteristics and results of randomized trials that compared diets that had the same explicit energy intake target, but differed in carbohydrate content (Baron et al, 1986;Pascale et al, 1995;Lean et al, 1997;McManus et al, 2001). Although dietary advice included a specific target for energy intake, the long duration of these studies and 'free living' conditions precluded strict control of the energy intake of the participants.…”

Section: Total Carbohydrate Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate intake and obesity

2007

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The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly worldwide and the importance of considering the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of obesity is widely acknowledged. This paper reviews data on the effects of dietary carbohydrates on body fatness. Does the composition of the diet as related to carbohydrates affect the likelihood of passive over-consumption and longterm weight change? In addition, methodological limitations of both observational and experimental studies of dietary composition and body weight are discussed. Carbohydrates are among the macronutrients that provide energy and can thus contribute to excess energy intake and subsequent weight gain. There is no clear evidence that altering the proportion of total carbohydrate in the diet is an important determinant of energy intake. However, there is evidence that sugar-sweetened beverages do not induce satiety to the same extent as solid forms of carbohydrate, and that increases in sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption are associated with weight gain. Findings from studies on the effect of the dietary glycemic index on body weight have not been consistent. Dietary fiber is associated with a lesser degree of weight gain in observational studies. Although it is difficult to establish with certainty that fiber rather than other dietary attributes are responsible, whole-grain cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits seem to be the most appropriate sources of dietary carbohydrate. Keywords: obesity; diet; carbohydrate; fiber; sugar; glycemic index European Journal of Clinical Nutrition General introductionBackground The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased rapidly worldwide during recent decades, acquiring epidemic proportions in children and adults and in industrialized as well as transitional and developing countries (Popkin and Gordon-Larsen, 2004;Ogden et al., 2006). Excess adiposity increases risk of type 2 diabetes, arthritis, sleep apnea, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancer and premature death (Willett et al., 1999). Therefore, the importance of prevention and treatment of obesity is widely acknowledged. Changes in energy storage as body fat are affected by the balance of energy intake and energy expenditure, making diet and physical activity obvious targets for interventions. Effects of dietary composition on both energy intake and energy expenditure (dietary induced thermogenesis and resting energy metabolism) are plausible, based on results from animal experiments and metabolic studies in humans (Poppitt and Prentice, 1996;Ludwig, 2002; Bray et al., 2004a, b;Halton and Hu, 2004;Slavin, 2005). Although substantial short-term weight loss can be achieved by many people, successful long-term maintenance of weight loss is much more difficult and compensatory physiological processes appear to stimulate weight regain (Hirsch et al., 1998). Effects on body weight found in shortterm metabolic studies can therefore not be readily extrapolated to long-term effects. This overview will present evi...

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“…In one study quoted in NICE guideline 43, a subgroup analysis found that a low-carbohydrate/low-fibre diet tended to be more successful for weight loss among people in a lower social class (classes III-IV) than a higher-carbohydrate/higher-fibre diet. 25 Clearly, more targeted research may be helpful, especially given recent evidence suggesting effectiveness of low carbohydrate diets. [25][26][27] Social interventions aimed at tackling obesity also offer an alternative interesting approach.…”

Section: Possible Ways Forward and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Clearly, more targeted research may be helpful, especially given recent evidence suggesting effectiveness of low carbohydrate diets. [25][26][27] Social interventions aimed at tackling obesity also offer an alternative interesting approach. 28 Evidence from interventions in 'real life' primary care are also much needed and approaches such as 'Counterweight' in the UK are being watched with interest.…”

Section: Possible Ways Forward and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

How useful are clinical guidelines for the management of obesity in general practice?

Mercer

2009

Br J Gen Pract

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A randomized controlled trial of low carbohydrate and low fat/high fiber diets for weight loss.

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Weight loss with high and low carbohydrate 1200 kcal diets in free living women

Weight loss with high and low carbohydrate 1200 kcal diets in free living women

Carbohydrate intake and obesity

How useful are clinical guidelines for the management of obesity in general practice?

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