A Randomized Controlled Trial of Executive Functioning Training Compared With Perceptual Training for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Effects on Neurophysiology, Neurocognition, and Functioning

Abstract

Cognitive remediation is an efficacious treatment for schizophrenia. However, different theoretical approaches have developed without any studies to directly compare them. This is the first study to compare the two dominant approaches to cognitive remediation (training of executive skills and training of perceptual skills) and employed the broadest assessment battery in the literature to date.Methods: Outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were randomly assigned to receive either executive training or perceptual training. Electrophysiological activity, neurocognition, functional competence, case managerrated community functioning, clinical symptoms, and selfreport measures were assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at a 12-week posttreatment follow-up assessment.Results: Perceptual training improved the EEG mismatch negativity significantly more than executive training immediately after treatment, although the effect did not persist at the 12-week follow-up. At the follow-up, executive training improved theta power during an n-back task, neurocognition, functional competence, and case managerrated community functioning to a greater extent than perceptual training. These effects were not observed immediately after treatment.

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