A randomized cross-over study of the effects of macronutrient composition and meal frequency on GLP-1, ghrelin and energy expenditure in humans

Ingves, Simon; Vilhelmsson, Nathalie; Ström, Edvin; Fredrikson, Mats; Guldbrand, Hans; Nyström, Fredrik

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.04.011

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Rizi et al [ 68 ] reported that a high-protein or high-fat meal suppresses ghrelin and induces more favorable postprandial satiety than that by a high-carbohydrate meal in insulin-resistant individuals. Low-carbohydrate drinks could decrease serum ghrelin levels after 2.5 h than those by high-carbohydrate drinks, and meal frequency also affects the sense of satiety [ 69 ]. However, Rock et al [ 70 ] showed that a nut-containing meal does not contribute to increased satiety due to gastrointestinal hormone response (including GLP-1, PYY, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin).…”

Section: Role Of Ghrelin In the Regulation Of Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism

et al. 2018

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Ghrelin, an acylated peptide hormone of 28 amino acids, is an endogenous ligand of the released growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Ghrelin has been isolated from human and rat stomach and is also detected in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Ghrelin receptor is primarily located in the neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein neurons. Many previous studies have shown that ghrelin and GHSR are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and its administration can increase food intake and body weight gain. AMP-activated protein kinase is activated by ghrelin in the hypothalamus, which contributes to lower intracellular long-chain fatty acid level. Ghrelin appears to modulate the response to food cues via a neural network involved in the regulation of feeding and in the appetitive response to food cues. It also increases the response of brain areas involved in visual processing, attention, and memory to food pictures. Ghrelin is also an important factor linking the central nervous system with peripheral tissues that regulate lipid metabolism. It promotes adiposity by the activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neurons and stimulates the expression of fat storage-related proteins in adipocytes. Meanwhile, ghrelin exerts direct peripheral effects on lipid metabolism, including increase in white adipose tissue mass, stimulation of lipogenesis in the liver, and taste sensitivity modulation.

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Section: Role Of Ghrelin In the Regulation Of Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism

et al. 2018

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“…Within minutes of consuming a meal containing carbohydrate and/or protein, both humans and rodents exhibit an increase in energy expenditure and body temperature, typically described as diet-induced or meal thermogenesis. In lean individuals, postprandial energy expenditure typically correlates positively with meal size (1, 2), protein and carbohydrate content (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), and plasma insulin concentrations (9-13); however, most (12,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) but not all (4,9,(29)(30)(31) studies on this topic have indicated that meal thermogenesis -measured as energy expenditure -is diminished in obese individuals and have suggested that this reduction in meal thermogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity by decreasing overall daily energy expenditure. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand the mechanism by which feeding increases body temperature and energy expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus–adrenal medulla–adipose tissue crosstalk

Perry¹,

Lyu²,

Rabin-Court³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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“…Thyroid hormone levels were assessed, and confirmed to be normal, in all the participants ahead of participation. Results from 14 non-obese subjects have been reported [18]. For the results presented herein, 14 overweight or obese subjects were additionally recruited in order to study differences of the test meals in relation to baseline fasting insulin levels, i.e.…”

Section: Recruitment and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the test meals had a temperature of 18-22 °C. The total trial-period for recruitment and follow-up for all 28 subjects was from September 1, 2015 to April 31, 2016 [18]. All four test meals for each individual subject were ingested within a six weeks period.…”

Section: Recruitment and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports from studies where the specific effects on serum GLP-1 and ghrelin of a standardized meal with high or low carbohydrate content has been tested in relation to fasting insulin levels or other measures of insulin sensitivity. Accordingly, we recruited 14 overweight or obese non-diabetic subjects to add to a previously recruited cohort of non-obese healthy subjects [18], to study postprandial differences between participants with high or low fasting insulin levels between groups. The recruited men and women were randomly assigned to the order of a single 750 kcal soft drink with either 20 % or 55 % of the energy content from carbohydrates (E%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjects with high fasting insulin also have higher postprandial GLP-1 and glucagon levels than controls with lower insulin

et al. 2019

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Little is known about postprandial release of serum ghrelin, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in relation with differing fasting insulin levels. We hypothesized that these hormones are affected by insulin resistance and hence we compared different postprandial responses of GLP-1, glucagon and ghrelin in subjects with relatively high (RHI) or relatively low (RLI) fasting insulin levels. The trial was a randomized cross-over study with four different meal conditions. Fourteen non-obese or obese, healthy, men and 14 women were randomly assigned to the order of supervised intake of a 750 kcal drink with the same protein contents but with 20 energy-percent (E%) or 55 E% from carbohydrates, and the remaining energy from fat. Participants were also randomized to consume the drinks as one large beverage or as five 150 kcal portions every 30 minutes. The 28 subjects were divided in two equally sized groups based on fasting insulin levels. Statistics was done with general linear mixed model. Fasting insulin levels were three-fold higher in the group with RHI compared with the RLI group (RHI: 1004±510 pg/ml, RLI: 324±123 pg/ml, p<0.0005). Serum GLP-1 was highest in the RHI group after both single meals and after 5 drinks and following highand low carbohydrate meals (both p≤ 0.002) and this was the case also for glucagon levels (both p≤0.018), while ghrelin levels did not differ between groups. Thus, subjects with RHI displayed both higher postprandial serum GLP-1 and glucagon than the participants with RLI, suggesting that glucagon could play a role in the advent of dysglycemia by insulin resistance.

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A randomized cross-over study of the effects of macronutrient composition and meal frequency on GLP-1, ghrelin and energy expenditure in humans

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism

Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus–adrenal medulla–adipose tissue crosstalk

Subjects with high fasting insulin also have higher postprandial GLP-1 and glucagon levels than controls with lower insulin

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