A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled trial on brotizolam intervention in outpatients with insomnia

Xiang, Yan; Huang, Shuzhen; Ma, Chao; Shen, Yang; Gu, Ning; Chen, Haibo; Wu, Wei; Li, Shunwei; Hong, Zhen; Li, Huafang

doi:10.3109/13651501.2012.735242

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Brominated aromatic compounds are widely used as precursors for numerous syntheses of molecules of industrial interest. Among these compounds, bromocriptine and brotizolam are used in the medical sector, bromothymol blue is probably the most popular indicator in analytical chemistry and tetrabromobisphenol A is employed as a flame retardant …”

Section: Reactions Catalyzed By Heterogeneous Eco‐friendly Plant‐bamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Conventional Lewis Acids to Heterogeneous Montmorillonite K10: Eco‐Friendly Plant‐Based Catalysts Used as Green Lewis Acids

et al. 2018

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The concept of green chemistry began in the USA in the 1990s. Since the publication of the 12 principles of this concept, many reactions in organic chemistry have been developed, and chemical products have been synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions. Lewis acid mediated synthetic transformations are by far the most numerous and best studied. However, the use of certain Lewis acids may cause risks to environmental and human health. This Review discusses the evolution of Lewis acid catalyzed reactions from a homogeneous liquid phase to the solid phase to yield the expected organic molecules under green, safe conditions. In particular, recent developments and applications of biosourced catalysts from plants are highlighted.

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Section: Reactions Catalyzed By Heterogeneous Eco‐friendly Plant‐bamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Conventional Lewis Acids to Heterogeneous Montmorillonite K10: Eco‐Friendly Plant‐Based Catalysts Used as Green Lewis Acids

et al. 2018

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“… 23 The analyses focused on the associations between red meat intake and cardiometabolic and cancer outcomes, the efficacy and safety of type 2 diabetes treatments, and drug therapies for primary insomnia, respectively. We then randomly selected 30 RCTs 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 included in these reviews. All selected trials were published in English.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials With Large Language Models

Lai,

Ge,

Sun

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceLarge language models (LLMs) may facilitate the labor-intensive process of systematic reviews. However, the exact methods and reliability remain uncertain.ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and reliability of using LLMs to assess risk of bias (ROB) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA survey study was conducted between August 10, 2023, and October 30, 2023. Thirty RCTs were selected from published systematic reviews.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA structured prompt was developed to guide ChatGPT (LLM 1) and Claude (LLM 2) in assessing the ROB in these RCTs using a modified version of the Cochrane ROB tool developed by the CLARITY group at McMaster University. Each RCT was assessed twice by both models, and the results were documented. The results were compared with an assessment by 3 experts, which was considered a criterion standard. Correct assessment rates, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 scores were calculated to reflect accuracy, both overall and for each domain of the Cochrane ROB tool; consistent assessment rates and Cohen κ were calculated to gauge consistency; and assessment time was calculated to measure efficiency. Performance between the 2 models was compared using risk differences.ResultsBoth models demonstrated high correct assessment rates. LLM 1 reached a mean correct assessment rate of 84.5% (95% CI, 81.5%-87.3%), and LLM 2 reached a significantly higher rate of 89.5% (95% CI, 87.0%-91.8%). The risk difference between the 2 models was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01-0.09). In most domains, domain-specific correct rates were around 80% to 90%; however, sensitivity below 0.80 was observed in domains 1 (random sequence generation), 2 (allocation concealment), and 6 (other concerns). Domains 4 (missing outcome data), 5 (selective outcome reporting), and 6 had F1 scores below 0.50. The consistent rates between the 2 assessments were 84.0% for LLM 1 and 87.3% for LLM 2. LLM 1’s κ exceeded 0.80 in 7 and LLM 2’s in 8 domains. The mean (SD) time needed for assessment was 77 (16) seconds for LLM 1 and 53 (12) seconds for LLM 2.ConclusionsIn this survey study of applying LLMs for ROB assessment, LLM 1 and LLM 2 demonstrated substantial accuracy and consistency in evaluating RCTs, suggesting their potential as supportive tools in systematic review processes.

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“…Among them, strontium ranelate (Protelos/Osseor, useful for the treatment of osteoporosis, − as a dental pulp-like cell proliferation agent, and as a radiopaque agent for calcium phosphate cement), tinoridine (old but still useful anti-inflammatory drug with a strong antiperoxidative and hepatoprotective activity), − and olanzapine − (Zyprexa, used to treat certain mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) should be noted (Figure ). In addition, the 2-aminothiophene motif is present in drugs and bioactive molecules such as T-62 (a selective allosteric modulator of the adenosine A receptor), bentazepam (Tiadipona), and brotizolam (Lendormin); − anxiolytic/anticonvulsant agents and skeletal muscle relaxants; and the anticancer drug raltitrexed (Tomudex) − (Figure ). 2-Aminothiophenes are able to act as starting points for the synthesis of a variety of thiophene-containing heterocycles and polycyclic hybrid molecules. − , Moreover, as shown recently, 2-aminothiophenes might find an application in the preparation of functional materials such as electrochemically color switching azomethines, − liquid crystalline materials, oligothiophene-BODIPY hybrids as NIR dyes, organic photovoltaic cells, azodyes, nonlinear optical materials, and azomethine-bridged polythiopheneferrocenes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiophene-3-carbonitriles: A New Synthesis, Quantum Chemical Studies, and Mannich-Type Reactions Leading to New Hexahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines

et al. 2021

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trans-2-Amino-4-aryl-5-benzoyl-4,5-dihydrothiophene-3-carbonitriles were prepared either by the reaction of 3-aryl-2-cyanothioacrylamides with α-thiocyanatoacetophenone or by the Michael-type addition of cyanothioacetamide to α-bromochalcones followed by intramolecular cyclization. The mechanism of the first reaction was studied using high-level quantum chemical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out to determine the mechanism of the first reaction. A new approach toward the construction of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine core system was demonstrated by the reaction of the prepared dihydrothiophenes with HCHO and RNH2 under noncatalyzed Mannich conditions.

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A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled trial on brotizolam intervention in outpatients with insomnia

Abstract: Brotizolam is effective and safe in relieving the symptoms of insomnia.

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

From Conventional Lewis Acids to Heterogeneous Montmorillonite K10: Eco‐Friendly Plant‐Based Catalysts Used as Green Lewis Acids

From Conventional Lewis Acids to Heterogeneous Montmorillonite K10: Eco‐Friendly Plant‐Based Catalysts Used as Green Lewis Acids

Assessing the Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials With Large Language Models

2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiophene-3-carbonitriles: A New Synthesis, Quantum Chemical Studies, and Mannich-Type Reactions Leading to New Hexahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines

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