A randomized study of computerized working memory training and effects on functioning in everyday life for patients with brain injury

Björkdahl, Ann; Åkerlund, Elisabeth; Svensson, Siv; Esbjörnsson, Eva

doi:10.3109/02699052.2013.830196

Cited by 78 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, our HIV participants also reported similar improvements after the nonadaptive WMT, which suggest a placebo effect in these participants. These results are consistent with fewer problems in daily life after adaptive WMT in patients with acquired brain injury 18. Likewise, a meta‐analysis showed generalized, but moderate, improvements in everyday functioning, particularly reduced inattention, after the same adaptive WMT program 38.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…However, an active control group was not included in this pediatric study, and the children also did not show improvements on some of the WM and learning tasks, which was attributed to the low number of training sessions 37. In addition to the improved WM from the program, our participants also improved on several nontrained, near‐transfer WM tests (Digit‐Span and Spatial‐Span tests) at 1 month and mostly maintained at 6 months after adaptive WMT, similar to the patients with brain injury18 or WM deficits 17…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Here, we evaluated a computerized adaptive WMT program (Cogmed ® ) that improved cognition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),13 preterm born children,14, 15 adults with stroke,16 acquired brain injury,17, 18 and normal aging 19. We aimed to (1) determine whether adaptive, but not nonadaptive, WMT would lead to improved brain function on trained and near‐transfer nontrained WM tests and self‐reported executive function at 1 month after training, and whether the gain from adaptive WMT is maintained at 6 months in participants with or without HIV infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients

Chang

Løhaugen

Andres

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

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ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adaptive working memory (WM) training (WMT) program, the corresponding neural correlates, and LMX1A‐rs4657412 polymorphism on the adaptive WMT, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) participants compared to seronegative (SN) controls.MethodsA total of 201 of 206 qualified participants completed baseline assessments before randomization to 25 sessions of adaptive WMT or nonadaptive WMT. A total of 74 of 76 (34 HIV, 42 SN) completed adaptive WMT and all 40 completed nonadaptive WMT (20 HIV, 20 SN) and were assessed after 1 month, and 55 adaptive WMT participants were also assessed after 6 months. Nontrained near‐transfer WM tests (Digit‐Span, Spatial‐Span), self‐reported executive functioning, and functional magnetic resonance images during 1‐back and 2‐back tasks were performed at baseline and each follow‐up visit, and LMX1A‐rs4657412 was genotyped in all participants.ResultsAlthough HIV participants had slightly lower cognitive performance and start index than SN at baseline, both groups improved on improvement index (>30%; false discovery rate [FDR] corrected p < 0.0008) and nontrained WM tests after adaptive WMT (FDR corrected, p ≤ 0.001), but not after nonadaptive WMT (training by training type corrected, p = 0.01 to p = 0.05) 1 month later. HIV participants (especially LMX1A‐G carriers) also had poorer self‐reported executive functioning than SN, but both groups reported improvements after adaptive WMT (Global: training FDR corrected, p = 0.004), and only HIV participants improved after nonadaptive WMT. HIV participants also had greater frontal activation than SN at baseline, but brain activation decreased in both groups at 1 and 6 months after adaptive WMT (FDR corrected, p < 0.0001), with normalization of brain activation in HIV participants, especially the LMX1A‐AA carriers (LMX1A genotype by HIV status, cluster‐corrected‐p < 0.0001).InterpretationAdaptive WMT, but not nonadaptive WMT, improved WM performance in both SN and HIV participants, and the accompanied decreased or normalized brain activation suggest improved neural efficiency, especially in HIV‐LMX1A‐AA carriers who might have greater dopaminergic reserve. These findings suggest that adaptive WMT may be an effective adjunctive therapy for WM deficits in HIV participants. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:17–34

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients

Chang

Løhaugen

Andres

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

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“…Thus, to achieve rehabilitation, imagery may be used to enhance the encoding of verbal information, or numerous elaborative encoding strategies might facilitate retention and retrieval of information. The belief is that the capacity of the function improves if the training is successful and does not depend on context [17].…”

Section: External Versus Internal Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their findings provided support for CBCR as an effective method of improving memory function following an acquired brain injury (ABI). For instance, a randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of computerized working memory (WM) training [20] on WM functioning in ABI patients [17]. A sample of 38 ABI patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group or control group and received 5 weeks of standard rehabilitation in accordance with the usual routine at the clinic.…”

Section: External Versus Internal Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Memory Rehabilitation Strategies in the Context of Post-acute Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

Perna¹,

Perkey²

2016

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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Memory impairments are one of the most common consequences of acquired brain injury. Poor memory can have a severe impact on a person's daily functioning and his/her quality of life. While research provides some support for using external, compensatory strategies (e.g. diaries, lists, visual or electronic reminders), empirical evidence in favor of internal, restorative strategies (i.e. learning and training strategies that utilize less impaired or healthy cognitive resources to restore function) is much sparser. This study investigates the effects of a rehabilitation treatment comprised of internal strategies on the memory functioning of 11 participants with acquired brain injury associated memory impairments. The interventions utilized in this study included practicing visualization, first letter mnemonics, semantic clustering, elaborative encoding, and completing worksheets from Workbook of Activities for Language and Cognition (WALC 10 Memory). The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used for the pre-and post-treatment assessment of memory functioning. Treatment gains as measured by pre-post therapy RBANS differences suggested large memory improvements of a magnitude to suggest clinically meaningful gains. This study was limited by its sample size, absence of a control group, and use of only one outcome measure. Keywords: Rehabilitation; Brain injury; Memory Internal Memory Rehabilitation Strategies in the Context of Post-Acute Brain InjuryMemory impairment is a common consequence of acquired brain injury that often causes functional and long-term disability [1]. Memory impairment can be caused by many types of brain injury. By some estimates, in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) the prevalence of memory impairment ranges between 40% and 84% [2]. Within the overall TBI population, the percentage of people suffering from some form of memory impairment ranges from 20% to 79%, depending on the severity of the closed-head trauma, the timing of assessment, and the instruments used. Even after one year, 4% to 25% of TBI patients show some form of memory impairment [3]. The prevalence of memory dysfunction post-stroke varies from 23% to 55% in the first 3 months and at one year post-stroke, declines to between 11% and 31% percent [4,5].Memory impairment can be an obstacle to successful return to work and may even interfere with successful rehabilitation [6]. Individuals with TBI and their family members report post-injury memory deficits as one of the most persistent problems following a TBI [7]. Memory impairments can interfere with independence in activities of daily living, as well as return to work, social participation and the overall quality of life [8]. The long-term persistence of memory impairments and the risk that these impairments will affect functional activities often cause clinicians to target the memory issues as a therapy goal. Cognitive rehabilitation providers report learning and memory as primary post-injury target of rehabilit...

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Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients

Gibson

Koh

Eames

et al. 2022

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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A randomized study of computerized working memory training and effects on functioning in everyday life for patients with brain injury

Abstract: The WM training seems to have a generalized effect on functional activity and lessens fatigue.

Cited by 78 publications

References 29 publications

Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients

Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients

Internal Memory Rehabilitation Strategies in the Context of Post-acute Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients

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