A Randomized Study to Assess the Impact of Pharmacist Counseling of Employer-Based Health Plan Beneficiaries With Diabetes

Kraemer, Dale F.; Kradjan, Wayne A.; Bianco, Theresa; Low, Judi A.

doi:10.1177/0897190011418513

Cited by 39 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…It has been demonstrated in numerous studies that pharmacist management of patients with T2DM in the outpatient setting can improve glycemic levels such as hemoglobin A1c 3 along with blood pressure (BP), cholesterol levels, 4,5 and overall quality of life (QOL). 3,4,6 Since BP and cholesterol levels are significant predictors of long-term macrovascular disease such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, 7 better control of these clinical markers would presumably decrease CVD risk among diabetic patients. The intervention we attempted to evaluate in this study…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Markov Model of the Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Care for Diabetes in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Evidence from Kaiser Permanente Northern California

Shah²,

Ip³

et al. 2013

JMCP

135

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BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated in previous studies that pharmacist management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the outpatient setting not only improves diabetes-related clinical outcomes such as hemoglobin A1c but also blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), and quality of life. Improved control of BP and TC has been shown to reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which has placed a heavy economic burden on the health care system. However, no study has evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pharmacist intervention programs with respect to the long-term preventive effects on CVD outcomes among T2DM patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Markov Model of the Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Care for Diabetes in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Evidence from Kaiser Permanente Northern California

Shah²,

Ip³

et al. 2013

JMCP

135

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“…There are reports that pharmacists' involvement in pharmacy practice research will increase patient outcomes [3]- [5]. However, it has been reported that there are some barriers for pharmacists to engage in practice research [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

Sawada¹,

Takehira²,

Yamamura³

2015

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Objectives: This study identified barriers to Japanese community pharmacists' active conduct or participation in practice research. Methods: Community pharmacists (n = 478) who gave presentations at three major pharmacy-related conferences in 2012 and 2013 were questioned about their difficulties of giving presentations, support for better presentations, and barriers to conducting pharmacy practice research in their practical setting. A questionnaire was mailed to and returned by the pharmacists directly. Results: We obtained 230 responses (47.9%). Presentation difficulties included pharmacists' time constraints and lack of experience organizing the report's results or discussion. Many thought statistical analysis support was necessary. The barriers were in sufficient time, community pharmacies' lack of research supervisors, and other community pharmacists' lack of understanding practice research's importance. These were comparable to pharmacists' barriers in other countries, except for money and funds. Conclusions: Japanese community pharmacists should clarify that practice research in their professional roles improves patients' outcomes. Barriers were similar to pharmacists in other countries. Publication of pharmacists' practice research results is important to expand their roles. Collaboration between faculties and pharmacists is a challenge for practice research development in the Japanese community setting.

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Section: Costs Associated With the Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kraemer et al, showed a 0.5% reduction in glycated hemoglobin (A1c) through individual pharmaceutical counseling for the empowerment of DM patients. In this sense, such training of the DM patient for their care has shown to be an important alternative in the search for the improvement of quality of life of the diabetic patient, being able to become an economically and clinically viable tool for primary health care [33].It is worth noting that A1c is the clinical parameter, considered a gold standard for the clinical follow-up of DM, since it allows estimating the patient's glycemic profile for a period of approximately 90-120 days. In a clinical trial that considered diabetic patients on treatment or not, it showed mean values for A1c of 10.2% (3.9-19.1%) [34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluations in Health from the Perspective of the Costs Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Cazarim¹,

Gonçalves²,

Pereira³

et al. 2018

Diabetes and Its Complications

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a morbidity that presents a wide range of difficulties for the patient to reach the control. This reality not only has impact on the clinical practice but also has serious financial and social consequences for both the patient and the health system. Health technologies that are capable of improving glycemic control have been tested in cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the efficiency of DM care. According to the Brazilian Society of Diabetes, patients with glycated hemoglobin (A1c) within the values considered adequate, less than 6.5%, present a relative risk of developing complications (neuropathy, retinopathy, diabetic foot, pressure ulcers, cardiovascular diseases and renal disease) equal to that of a nondiabetic patient. In highlight, health technologies health technologies have presented positive impact on reducing A1c and, consequently, on reducing diabetes complications. Thus, new health technologies have been capable saving of 72% of resources spent on DM care.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, economics, pharmaceutical, technology assessment, biomedical Economic evaluation in healthHistorically, evaluation processes are part of the development of humanity as a society. After World War II, there was an increase in State activities in the control of services such as health and education in many countries. An economic current gained strength in the development of methodological processes to evaluate these State activities, assessing their © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.costs and their advantages. These processes conformed themselves into economic health assessments [1].In the course of time, economic evaluation in the area of health has been gaining more rigorous methodological contours, and nowadays, it is characterized as an important tool of public services, in the health economy sector. Health assessment has specific bodies in some developed countries such as the United States, Canada and France [1,2]. In Latin America, Brazil is considered one of the pioneers in the implementation of economic health assessment methodologies, and countries such as Colombia, Mexico, Argentina and Chile have advanced a lot in the area's development [3].The health area constantly goes through processes of technological innovation. Associated with the epidemiological changes of recent years, the incorporation of new health technologies has become a reality with which the management of health services has to deal constantly. This scenario has contributed to the increasing cost of maintaining health services and corroborated the increase in complexity in the administration and functioning of health services [2,4]. It is noteworthy that health has limited and finite resources, which makes health evaluation a complex task, with crit...

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A Randomized Study to Assess the Impact of Pharmacist Counseling of Employer-Based Health Plan Beneficiaries With Diabetes

Abstract: There was a trend toward improvement in A1c in patients counseled by pharmacist with an increased utilization of diabetes-related medications and supplies. Counseling also improved diabetes knowledge and empowered patients to better diabetes management.

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

A Markov Model of the Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Care for Diabetes in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Evidence from Kaiser Permanente Northern California

A Markov Model of the Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Care for Diabetes in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Evidence from Kaiser Permanente Northern California

Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

Economic Evaluations in Health from the Perspective of the Costs Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

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