A randomized trial of high‐dairy‐protein, variable‐carbohydrate diets and exercise on body composition in adults with obesity

Parr, Evelyn B.; Coffey, Vernon G.; Cato, Louise E.; Phillips, Stuart M.; Burke, Louise M.; Hawley, John A.

doi:10.1002/oby.21451

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Despite this, comparable changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health were seen with post-exercise milk, milk-protein, or water. In agreement, Parr et al (2016) found changes in body composition after a combined resistance training and diet intervention were independent of the amount and type of protein (high/low dairy). Epidemiological data shows an inverse relationship between low-fat dairy consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (Aune et al, 2013) and the addition of four servings of low fat dairy per day has been shown to improve insulin resistance (Rideout et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Combined Interval Training and Post-exercise Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Trial

et al. 2017

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Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve several aspects of cardiometabolic health. Previous studies have suggested that adaptations to exercise training can be augmented with post-exercise milk or protein consumption, but whether this nutritional strategy can impact the cardiometabolic adaptations to HIIT in type 2 diabetes is unknown.Objective: To determine if the addition of a post-exercise milk or protein beverage to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Design: In a proof-of-concept, double-blind clinical trial 53 adults with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes were randomized to one of three nutritional beverages (500 mL skim-milk, macronutrient control, or flavored water placebo) consumed after exercise (3 days/week) during a 12 week low-volume HIIT intervention. HIIT involved 10 X 1-min high-intensity intervals separated by 1-min low-intensity recovery periods. Two sessions per week were cardio-based (at ~90% of heart rate max) and one session involved resistance-based exercises (at RPE of 5–6; CR-10 scale) in the same interval pattern. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), cardiorespiratory fitness (trueV˙textO2textpeak), blood pressure, and endothelial function (%FMD) were measured before and after the intervention.Results: There were significant main effects of time (all p < 0.05) but no difference between groups (Interaction: all p > 0.71) for CGM 24-h mean glucose (−0.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L), HbA1c (−0.2 ± 0.4%), percent body fat (−0.8 ± 1.6%), and lean mass (+1.1 ± 2.8 kg). Similarly, trueV˙textO2textpeak (+2.5 ± 1.6 mL/kg/min) and %FMD (+1.4 ± 1.9%) were increased, and mean arterial blood pressure reduced (−6 ± 7 mmHg), after 12 weeks of HIIT (all p < 0.01) with no difference between beverage groups (Interaction: all p > 0.11).Conclusion: High-intensity interval training is a potent stimulus for improving several important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. The benefits of HIIT are not augmented by the addition of post-exercise protein.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Combined Interval Training and Post-exercise Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Trial

et al. 2017

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“…The effects of dairy on the prevention of weight gain have been previously investigated in rodents (9,10,26) and humans ; however, the mechanism (s) through which dairy reduced weight gain was not identified. For example, diet‐induced obese rats fed a HFHS diet supplemented with complete dairy protein, the same diet as used in the current study, had a greater attenuation in weight gain when compared to rats that were fed the HFHS diet with casein or whey alone as the protein source .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have examined the combined effects of dairy and exercise in the context of weight loss. Parr et al found that dairy did not augment the effects of exercise and a hypocaloric diet on weight loss in subjects with obesity. However, it remains to be seen whether dairy can augment the effects of exercise in slowing the development of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Attenuates Weight Gain to a Similar Extent as Exercise in Rats Fed a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet

Trottier

MacPherson

Knuth

et al. 2017

Obesity

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“…One hundred and eleven males and females aged 35–59 years began a 16-wk weight loss intervention incorporating diet and exercise modification, as previously described [ 14 ]. Prior to commencing the intervention, participants had a BMI of 27–40 kg/m 2 and were sedentary but otherwise apparently healthy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating MicroRNA Responses between ‘High’ and ‘Low’ Responders to a 16-Wk Diet and Exercise Weight Loss Intervention

et al. 2016

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BackgroundInteractions between diet, physical activity and genetic predisposition contribute to variable body mass changes observed in response to weight loss interventions. Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) may act as ‘biomarkers’ that are associated with the rate of change in weight loss, and/or play a role in regulating the biological variation, in response to energy restriction.ObjectiveTo quantify targeted c-miRNAs with putative roles in energy metabolism and exercise adaptations following a 16 wk diet and exercise intervention in individuals with large (high responders; HiRes) versus small (low responders; LoRes) losses in body mass.MethodsFrom 89 male and female overweight/obese participants who completed the intervention (energy restriction from diet, 250 kcal/d, and exercise, 250 kcal/d), subgroups of HiRes (>10% body mass loss, n = 22) and LoRes (<5% body mass loss, n = 18) were identified. From resting plasma samples collected after an overnight fast pre and post intervention, RNA was extracted, quantified and reverse transcribed. Thirteen c-miRNA selected a priori were analysed using a customised 96-well miScript miRNA PCR Array.ResultsLoss of body mass (-11.0 ± 2.3 kg vs. -3.0 ± 1.3 kg; P<0.01) and fat mass (-11.1 ± 2.6 kg vs. -3.9 ± 1.6 kg; P<0.01) was greater for HiRes than LoRes (P<0.001). Expression of c-miR-935 was higher in LoRes compared to HiRes pre- (~47%; P = 0.025) and post- (~100%; P<0.01) intervention and was the only c-miRNA differentially expressed at baseline between groups. The abundance of c-miR-221-3p and -223-3p increased pre- to post-intervention in both groups (~57–69% and ~25–90%, P<0.05). There was a post-intervention increase in c-miR-140 only in LoRes compared to HiRes (~23%, P = 0.016).ConclusionThe differential expression and responses of selected c-miRNAs in overweight/obese individuals to an exercise and diet intervention suggests a putative role for these ‘biomarkers’ in the prediction or detection of individual variability to weight loss interventions.

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A randomized trial of high‐dairy‐protein, variable‐carbohydrate diets and exercise on body composition in adults with obesity

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Combined Interval Training and Post-exercise Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Trial

Combined Interval Training and Post-exercise Nutrition in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Trial

Dairy Attenuates Weight Gain to a Similar Extent as Exercise in Rats Fed a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet

Circulating MicroRNA Responses between ‘High’ and ‘Low’ Responders to a 16-Wk Diet and Exercise Weight Loss Intervention

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