A RAPD, AFLP and SSR linkage map, and QTL analysis in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Abstract

The genetic linkage map of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) that we report here is the first to our knowledge. Based on a total of 312 markers (28 RAPDs, 274 AFLPs, 10 SSRs) scored in 143 individuals from a F(1) full-sib family. Two maps (one for each parent) were constructed according to a "two-way pseudo-testcross" mapping strategy. In the male map 119 markers could be clustered in 11 major groups (971 cM), while in the female map 132 markers were distributed in 12 major linkage groups (844 cM). In addition, four and one minor linkage groups (doublets and triplets) were obtained for the male and female map respectively. The two maps cover about 82% and 78% of the genome. Based on the position of 15 AFLP and 2 SSR loci segregating in both parents, seven homologous linkage groups could be identified. In the same pedigree we investigated the association with genetic markers of several quantitative traits: leaf area, leaf number and shape in 2 different years, specific leaf area, leaf carbon-isotope discrimination and tree height. A composite interval-mapping approach was used to estimate the number of QTLs, the amount of variation explained by each of them, and their position on the genetic linkage maps. Eight QTLs associated with leaf traits were found that explained between 15% and 35% of the trait variation, five on the female map and three on the male map.

Comparison of pollen gene flow among four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations characterized by different management regimes

“…These microsatellites were selected because they showed Mendelian inheritance, a high level of polymorphism (Pastorelli et al, 2003) and because they were unlinked (Scalfi et al, 2004). PCR amplifications were performed following the conditions reported in Pastorelli et al (2003) and fragment size detection was conducted as described by Buiteveld et al (2007).…”

Genetic Analysis of Water Use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the Leaf Level

“…The first QTLs associated with Δ 13 C were reported by Martin et al (1989) in tomato and since that time QTLs for Δ 13 C have been identified in rice (Price et al 2002) and several other plant species (Brendel et al 2002;Casasoli et al 2004;Diab et al 2004;Ellis et al 2002;Gleick 2003;Hausmann et al 2005;Masle et al 2005;Rebetzke et al 2008;Saranga et al 2004;Scalfi et al 2004;Specht et al 2001;Teulat et al 2002;Thumma et al 2001). Until now, all QTL studies conducted in rice involved segregating populations evaluated at different growth stages in field environments.…”

Quantitative trait locus analysis of leaf morphological characters, yield-related traits, and secondary metabolite contents in Eucommia ulmoides

“…The same observations were made for the number of leaves and the total dry weight. The instability of QTLs over years has been reported for leaf traits in other tree species (Scalfi et al, 2004;Gailing, 2008;Gailing et al, 2013). Fanizza et al (2005) hypothesized that QTL instability over time may be due to the presence of different genes or the differential expression of these genes due to changes in genotypic sensitivity to annual variations in the climatic conditions.…”

“…Previous QTL studies on main crops have frequently detected regions of the genome that contain clusters of QTLs for highly correlative traits (Zeng et al, 2009;Avia et al, 2013;Bian et al, 2013). Clusters of QTLs were also observed for growth traits and various leaf traits in poplar (Bradshaw and Stettler, 1995;Wu et al, 1997), for wood properties and growth traits in the genus Eucalyptus (Verhaegen et al, 1997;Freeman et al, 2009;Thumma et al, 2010), for growth traits in Salix (Tsarouhas et al, 2002;Ronnberg-Wastljung et al, 2005), for leaf morphological characters in European beech (Scalfi et al, 2004) and oak (Gailing, 2008;Gailing et al, 2013), and for chemical compositions in peach (Eduardo et al, 2013) and oil palm (Montoya et al, 2013). Furthermore, the clustering of QTLs controlling height and basal diameter has been observed in the same mapping population of E. ulmoides (Li et al, 2014c).…”

“…The genetic information acquired by QTL analysis, including the number, location, and magnitude of effects of genetic regions associated with a trait, also contributes to our understanding of the genetic basis of economically important traits. In tree species, QTL analyses have been reported for leaf traits and chemical constituents in European beech (Scalfi et al, 2004), oak (Gailing et al, 2013), Eucalyptus (Freeman et al, 2009), peach (Eduardo et al, 2013), and oil palm (Montoya et al, 2013). In contrast, QTLs affecting leaf morphology characters, yield-related traits, and secondary metabolite contents have not been reported in E. ulmoides.…”