A Rapid and Easy Method for the Detection of Microbial Cellulases on Agar Plates Using Gram’s Iodine

Kasana, Ramesh Chand; Salwan, Richa; Dhar, Hena; Dutt, Som; Gulati, Arvind

doi:10.1007/s00284-008-9276-8

Cited by 682 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Culture media used to induce the production of cellulase and xylanase and the visualization of the results (based on halo formation) was performed according to the methods of Kasana et al (2008) and Strauss et al (2001), respectively. The screening for polygalacturonase and laccase-producing fungi was performed in individual plates using the methods of Mckay (1988) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal communities in pressmud composting harbour beneficial and detrimental fungi for human welfare

et al. 2016

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Pressmud is a substrate derived from sugarcane juice filtrate, and around 26-40 kg of this residue are produced per ton of sugarcane. It is mainly used as fertilizer in crops, and its application in the field is often made without any prior treatment, but, in this research, it was studied for the risk this practice poses for human health. This research was stimulated by previous results indicating the presence of opportunistic pathogens in residues used in various composting systems and the extensive use of fresh pressmud in agriculture. Here, It was assessed the fungal diversity present in both fresh and composting pressmud using 454 pyrosequencing. In addition, heat-tolerant fungi were isolated and surveyed for their enzymatic repertoire of biomass-degrading enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, laccase and polygalacturonase). A wide range of opportunistic pathogens was found among the most abundant taxa in the fresh pressmud, such as Lomentospora prolificans (43.13 %), Trichosporon sp. (10.07 %), Candida tropicalis (7.91 %), and Hormographiella aspergillata (8.19 %). This indicates that fresh pressmud might be a putative source of human pathogenic fungi, presenting a potential threat to human health if applied as fertilizer without any treatment. With regard to the heat-tolerant fungi found in this substrate, all the 110 isolates screened were able to produce at least one of the tested enzymes. The pressmud composting process not only effectively reduces the load of pathogenic fungi, but also creates an interesting environment for fungi able to produce thermostable hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes with biotechnological applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal communities in pressmud composting harbour beneficial and detrimental fungi for human welfare

et al. 2016

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“…A atividade desta enzima, após incubação do meio em BOD, a 23°C, por 5 dias, no escuro, foi verificada pela presença de zonas claras, ao redor da colônia dos isolados, após a aplicação de 5 mL de solução de lugol, colocada sob a superfície das mesmas, por um período de 5 minutos, seguido de lavagem com solução salina (23).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cylindrocladium spathiphylli de espatifilo (Spathiphyllum wallisii Rengel): detecção de enzimas extracelulares em isolados normais e alterados por temperatura

2013

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The fungus Cylindrocladium spathiphylli causes collar and root rot in spathe flowers, inducing yellowing and wilting of leaves in the shoot. This fungus has been scarcely studied for extracellular enzymes. Therefore, a n in vitro assay was carried out in randomized design, with three treatments (two normal isolates: LFEE1 01 6 -EPAGRI and MMBF 01/01 -IB/SP; plus control) and six replicates, for enzyme detection. Amylase (AM), lipase (LP), carboxymethylcellulase (CMC) and laccase (LC) were measured by calculating the annulus area, the activity site of the enzymes. Catalase (CT) and gelatinase (GL) were mea sured by symbols subsequ ently transformed into scores (1 to 4, from absence to intense produ ction). MMBF 01 /0 1 isolate had the largest areas and enzymes with the highest intensity. Of the enzymes, Migotto, B.C.; Ferreira, A.B.M.; Bueno, C.J. Cylindrocladium spathiphylli from spathe flower (Spathiphyllum wallisii Rengel): detection of extracellular enzymes in normal and temperature-changed isolates. Summa Phytopathologica, v.39, n.2, p.89-96, 2013. the largest area was that of LC, followed by LP. LFEEI016 and MMBF 01/01 showed no area for AM and CMC and exhibited weak and equal intensity for CT. The intensity of GT was moderate for MMBF 01/ 0 1 (mea n score 3 .0 ) a nd absent for LFEEI01 6 (mea n score 1 .0 ). After produ ction of extra cellula r enzymes, the isola tes were vegetatively altered by temperatu res. The a ssay wa s in completely ra ndomized factoria l design including mycelial discs of the fu ngal isolates versus three temperatures [23ºC (T1), 33ºC (T2) and 33ºC to 23ºC (T3)] versus four periods (3, 6, 9 and 12 days) and eight replicates in a Petri dish containing PDA and maintained in a BOD chamber. The diameter of colonies was daily measured (mm) in both directions. The noted changes were: innocuous, fungista tic (FS) and fungicide O fungo Cylindrocladium spathiphylli causa podridão no colo e nas raízes de espatifilo, induzindo amarelecimento e murcha nas folhas da parte a érea. Há poucos estudos com o fu ngo quanto às enzimas extracelulares. Assim, delineou-se ensaio inteiramente casualizado in v itro , com três tra ta mentos (dois isola dos norma is: LFEEI0 1 6 -EPAGRI/SC e MMBF 0 1 /0 1 -IB/SP; ma is testemu nha ) e seis repetições, visando a detecçã o de enzimas. A amilase (AM), lipa se (LP), carboximetilcelulase (CMC) e lacase (LC) fora m mensura das pelo cálculo da área da coroa circular, local de atividade das enzimas. A cata la se (CT) e gelatinase (GL) foram mensuradas por símbolos, depois transformados em notas (1 a 4, de ausência à intensa produção). O isolado MMBF 01/01 produziu as maiores áreas e com mais intensidade as enzimas. Das enzimas, a maior área foi a da LC e depois a LP. LFEEI016 e MMBF 0 1/01 não apresentaram área pa ra AM e CMC e exibiram intensidade fraca e igual para CT. A intensidade de GT foi moderada no MMBF 01/01 (nota média 3,0) e ausente para o LFEEI016 (nota média 1,0). Após a produção das enzimas extracelulares, os isolados foram alterados vegetativa mente...

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“…Gram reaction of each isolate was studied. The biochemical tests studied were catalase test, oxidase test (using MICROBACTTM oxidase detection strips), Starch hydrolysis, Cellulolyticactivity (Kasana et al, 2008 andAntony et al, 2009), Acid from glucose fermentation, Growth on MacConkey agar medium. Each isolate was tested for growth at 35ºC and on Halophilic Nutrient agar medium with 0%, 10%, 20% NaCl.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations in Soil and Bacteriological Properties as Affected by Phytogenic Mounds (Nebkhas) of Halocnemum strobilaceum in Lake Manzala, Egypt

Issa

El‐Bana²,

Bahgat

et al. 2017

Egypt. J. Bot.

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PHYTOGENIC mounds (nebkhas) formed by halophytes are widely distributed in coastal and desert environments. Such nebkhas provide loci for geochemical and biological activities that influence ecosystem processes and function. Seasonal variation in soil and bacterial properties were investigated within the nebkhas under the canopy of Halocnemum strobilaceum and in the surrounding unvegetated sites at salt marshes of Lake Manzala. The parameters measured include soil moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and bacterial community and enzyme characteristics. Enrichment ratios for soil salinity and nutrients were evaluated to indicate the salinity and fertility islands within nebkhas. Soil moisture content showed significant differences between the different seasons with the highest value in winter (16.55%) at unvegetated control site.Soil electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and phosphorus had their significantly higher values in nebkhas during autumn. The enrichment values for the measured soil parameters ranged from 0.31 to 4.09 in the four seasons which indicates a clear accumulation effect for soil nutrients and salts within the nebkhas under the canopy of H. strobilaceum. Bacterial abundance was consistently higher in nebkhas through all seasons. Eleven genera of bacteria belong to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and proteobacteria phyla were recorded in nebkha and unvegetated sites. These genera varied in their occurrence between the two locations and the four seasons. It can be concluded that the formation of nebkhas by halophytic vegetation have noticeable effects on accumulation of soil salinity and fertility during different seasons that affect bacterial abundance and activity in coastal environment.

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A Rapid and Easy Method for the Detection of Microbial Cellulases on Agar Plates Using Gram’s Iodine

Cited by 682 publications

References 14 publications

Fungal communities in pressmud composting harbour beneficial and detrimental fungi for human welfare

Fungal communities in pressmud composting harbour beneficial and detrimental fungi for human welfare

Cylindrocladium spathiphylli de espatifilo (Spathiphyllum wallisii Rengel): detecção de enzimas extracelulares em isolados normais e alterados por temperatura

Seasonal Variations in Soil and Bacteriological Properties as Affected by Phytogenic Mounds (Nebkhas) of Halocnemum strobilaceum in Lake Manzala, Egypt

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