A Rapid Cytological Method for the Diagnosis of Measles

Beale, A. J.; Campbell, William R.

doi:10.1136/jcp.12.4.335

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The identification of WFGC in nasal secretions has been historically used to diagnose measles in the pre-eruptive phase. 19 However, due to their lack of etiologic specificity, their identification of WFLCs in cytologic preparations is currently of limited diagnostic use, since they may be seen in a variety of apparently unrelated conditions. Nonetheless, familiarity with the cytologic appearance of WFLCs is important to avoid confusing them with other types of giant cells (Langhans, Touton, foreign body, osteoclastic type giant cells, and megakaryocytes) and multinucleated/ multilobated malignant cells ("popcorn cells", Reed-Sternberg cells, anaplastic lymphoma, and carcinoma giant cells), each with very different diagnostic implications.…”

Section: Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mulberry cells in the thyroid: warthin–finkeldey‐like cells in hashimoto thyroiditis‐associated lymphoma

Lapadat

Nam

Mehrotra

et al. 2016

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Warthin-Finkeldey type giant cells were first described in autopsies performed on young children who died during the highly lethal measles epidemic in Palermo during the winter of 1908. The cells had 8-15 nuclei without identifiable cytoplasm within the germinal centers of lymphoid organs resembling megakaryocytes. We describe a case of Hashimoto thyroiditis with an enlarging substernal throid mass. The resection specimen contained many Warthin-Finkeldey-Like Cells (WFLC) in an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT type) with focal transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The WFLC showed nuclear features similar to those of neighboring follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), favoring the hypothesis that these cells might be the product of fusion of FDCs. This is supported by immunostaining results and the occurrence of similar cells in follicular dendritic cell sarcomas and in "dysplastic" FDCs in hyaline vascular type Castleman disease, a possible precursor of follicular dendritic cell tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:212-216. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of WFGC in nasal secretions has been historically used to diagnose measles in the pre‐eruptive phase . However, due to their lack of etiologic specificity, their identification of WFLCs in cytologic preparations is currently of limited diagnostic use, since they may be seen in a variety of apparently unrelated conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberry cells in the thyroid: warthin–finkeldey‐like cells in hashimoto thyroiditis‐associated lymphoma

Lapadat

Nam

Mehrotra

et al. 2016

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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“…These cells range in size from 40-120 micrometers and have four to six nuclei but can have up to 100 nuclei. The look is like grape-like clusters, which can be employed as a very specific feature in measles cytopathology (Beale and Campbell 1959). Unlike Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells -which must be collected from lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, spleen, and thymus -epithelial giant cells can be easily isolated from nasal secretions, sputum, and urine deposits (Beale and Campbell 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The look is like grape-like clusters, which can be employed as a very specific feature in measles cytopathology (Beale and Campbell 1959). Unlike Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells -which must be collected from lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, spleen, and thymus -epithelial giant cells can be easily isolated from nasal secretions, sputum, and urine deposits (Beale and Campbell 1959). According to the literature, neutralizing antibodies are detected in the blood starting on the second day after the rash appears, after which no new giant cells form and the existing ones disintegrate, degenerate, and shed -lowering the epithelial giant cell count.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Epithelial Giant Cells in Nasal Aspirate Cytological Smears Using Deep Learning and Computer Vision Techniques: an Approach for Early Diagnosis of Measles Disease

Rao¹,

Pai²,

Nayak³

et al. 2022

Philipp J Sci

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Measles disease is usually diagnosed through an RT-PCR test, which detects the measles-specific IgM antibody in serum samples. However, this approach is highly expensive and requires a lot of sample preprocessing making it a laborious task. Another approach for measles identification could be a cytological smear test – which is a low-cost, quick, and accurate method for the early detection of measles disease. Due to the lack of experience in interpreting smears, its usage in clinical practice is currently limited. We have designed a MesoSpot, an automatic segmentation method for the first time that can precisely define the region of giant cells in nasal aspirate cytological smears and assist medical experts in the speedy diagnosis of measles disease. MesoSpot was developed by training 500 cytological smear images collected from various web sources. We have used 50 cytological smear images to validate the model and evaluated its performance using various metrics. The main purpose of the proposed study is to detect multinucleated giant cells and estimate their size and number, which aids in assessing the disease's severity. To annotate the giant cells in each cytological smear, we have applied a semantic segmentation approach using APEER software. UNET architecture was used to train the model, and image processing techniques were used to spot giant cells and predict their size. Various performance metrics were employed to assess the model's efficiency. The model's output was also compared to the ground truth image and statistically confirmed.

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“…In the past workers have claimed that exfoliated giant cells in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) are specific for measles infection (Tompkins and Macaulay, 1955; Beale and Campbell, 1959; Mottet and Szanton, 1961). This finding however has not been adequately confirmed by laboratory virus identification, nor is there sufficient evidence that similar giant cells are not found in other virus infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of immunofluorescence to a study of measles.

McQuillin¹,

Bell²,

Gardner³

et al. 1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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to a study of measles. A new and rapid method for the laboratory diagnosis of measles, using the fluorescent antibody technique applied to nasopharyngeal secretions is described. The reliability of the method was best shown by correlation with clinical diagnosis, which gave an overall agreement of 95°00 in 53 cases of typical clinical measles and 72 control children. Correlation with results of tissue culture and serology was also good, though these methods are in practice too infrequently successful to be used as the main standards of reliability. The antiserum used for immunoflorescence showed no cross-reactivity with other viruses. Viruses could be identified by the fluorescent antibody technique from 4 days before to 10 days after the onset of the rash in a high proportion of cases.The wider applications of this method include rapid diagnosis of measles before the rash has appeared; in cases where clinical diagnosis is in doubt, especially in darkskinned children, or when the illness has been modified by previous vaccination; prevention of cross-infection by early detection of measles; and investigation of the immune reponse and its relationship to nutritional status.

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A Rapid Cytological Method for the Diagnosis of Measles

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Mulberry cells in the thyroid: warthin–finkeldey‐like cells in hashimoto thyroiditis‐associated lymphoma

Mulberry cells in the thyroid: warthin–finkeldey‐like cells in hashimoto thyroiditis‐associated lymphoma

Detection of Epithelial Giant Cells in Nasal Aspirate Cytological Smears Using Deep Learning and Computer Vision Techniques: an Approach for Early Diagnosis of Measles Disease

Application of immunofluorescence to a study of measles.

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