A Rapid Evaluation of the US Federal Tobacco 21 (T21) Law and Lessons From Statewide T21 Policies: Findings From Population-Level Surveys

Agaku, Israel; Nkosi, Lungile; Agaku, Queen D; Gwar, Joy; Tsafa, Tina

doi:10.5888/pcd19.210430

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, 20.2% bought their e-cigarettes through vape shops or tobacco shops and 19.6% through gas stations [9]. These estimates suggest a lack of compliance with age verification processes by retailers [10][11][12][13], which allows young people to continue obtaining e-cigarette products from retail sources. Vape shops, in particular, have been found to implement less vigorous age verification methods, relative to other retail sources [11,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underage Youth Continue to Obtain E-Cigarettes from Retail Sources in 2022: Evidence from the Truth Continuous Tracking Survey

Elizabeth

Aarvig

Donovan

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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(1) Background: This study aims to describe the primary sources of e-cigarettes among young people and to explore how these sources may differ by individual-level characteristics. (2) Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional, continuous tracking survey of participants. The analytic sample includes current e-cigarette users (aged 15–20 years) surveyed from January to August 2022 (N = 1296). Respondents provided information on e-cigarette source of acquisition, device type, and flavors used, as well as sociodemographic and residential characteristics. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in source of acquisition by age, gender, race/ethnicity, United States (US) census region, urban-rural classification, flavors used, and device type. (3) Results: Although most current e-cigarette users obtained their devices through a social source (56.9%), a considerable proportion obtained e-cigarettes from a retail source (43.1%). The primary retail sources of e-cigarette acquisition were vape shops (22.0%) and gas station/convenience stores (15.9%). Source of e-cigarette acquisition differed by age, gender, US census region, flavors used, and device type, such that a lower proportion of those who were younger, female, residing in the West, and used vape pens had reported obtaining e-cigarettes via retail sources. (4) Conclusions: Results indicate that a significant proportion of youth report obtaining e-cigarettes from retail sources, despite the federal, state, and local policies that prohibit the sale of any tobacco products to those under the age of 21. Comprehensive retail regulations to help restrict tobacco product access are needed to reduce e-cigarette use among young people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underage Youth Continue to Obtain E-Cigarettes from Retail Sources in 2022: Evidence from the Truth Continuous Tracking Survey

Elizabeth

Aarvig

Donovan

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Prior to the introduction of T21 there had not been a change in illicit tobacco sales since 2009, suggesting that the T21 legislation may have played a part in the reduction in illicit tobacco consumption. A nationwide rapid evaluation of the T21 legislation in the USA found that 11-to 18-year-olds were less likely to perceive that it was easy to purchase tobacco products from a store following the introduction of the measure [18].…”

Section: What Is the Evidence For Effectiveness Of T21?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Statement on Tobacco 21 from the European Respiratory Society Tobacco Control Committee

2023

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“…Seven studies considered differential associations of T21 by ethnicity or race. Studies defined ethnicity and race differently, making synthesis difficult; most notably, five analyses found a more pronounced association with T21 in Hispanic/Latinx groups than in White groups [25,27,29,41] with two analyses finding the opposite. [33,40]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the relationship between raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco above 20 and cigarette smoking? A systematic review

Davies,

Bogdanovica,

McGill

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives To determine whether raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco (MLSA) to 20 or above is associated with reduced prevalence of smoking compared to an MLSA set at 18 or below through systematic review. Design Following a pre-registered protocol on PROSPERO (ref: CRD42022347604), six databases were searched for studies that assessed the association between MLSAs of 20 and above and tobacco smoking or tobacco sales. Assessments on e-cigarettes were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted study data and used ROBINS-I to assess the risk of bias. Narrative methods were used to synthesise findings. Setting Global, with no language restrictions. Subjects Children and young people aged 11-20. Main outcome measures Current cigarette smoking and cigarette sales. Results 19 studies were reviewed, from which 26 effect estimates were extracted. All studies evaluated Tobacco 21 laws in the United States. Just under half of estimates found a statistically significant association with reduced current cigarette smoking or sales, just over half found no statistically significant association and one estimate found an association with increased cigarette smoking. The positive association appeared to be stronger for older age groups, those from a Hispanic/Latinx background and those with lower education. The degree of study bias was variable. Conclusions There is evidence that raising the MLSA for tobacco to 21 reduces cigarette sales and current cigarette smoking amongst those aged 11-20. It may have the potential to reduce health inequalities. Further research beyond the United States would support generalisability to other settings.

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A Rapid Evaluation of the US Federal Tobacco 21 (T21) Law and Lessons From Statewide T21 Policies: Findings From Population-Level Surveys

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Underage Youth Continue to Obtain E-Cigarettes from Retail Sources in 2022: Evidence from the Truth Continuous Tracking Survey

Underage Youth Continue to Obtain E-Cigarettes from Retail Sources in 2022: Evidence from the Truth Continuous Tracking Survey

Statement on Tobacco 21 from the European Respiratory Society Tobacco Control Committee

What is the relationship between raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco above 20 and cigarette smoking? A systematic review

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