A Rapid‐Format Antibody Card Test for Diagnosis of Onchocerciasis

Weil, Gary J.; Steel, Cathy; Liftis, Fanya; Li, Ben-Wen; G, Mearns; Lobos, Edgar; Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.1086/317629

Cited by 120 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…During the first serologic studies in the sentinel communities, carried out in 2001, IgG4 antibodies to Ov16 were detected by using an unmarketed immunochromatographic card test (ICT, AMRAD, Sydney, Australia 26 ) in a population of 210 participating persons. All 192 children (16 years of age and under) were negative, but 7/17 adults (41%) (17 years of age and over) harbored antibodies (Onchocerciasis Program in Oaxaca, unpublished data ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interruption of Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Oaxaca Focus, Mexico

Rodríguez‐Pérez

Unnasch²,

Domínguez-Vázquez³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. All endemic communities of the Oaxaca focus of onchocerciasis in southern Mexico have been treated annually or semi-annually with ivermectin since 1994. In-depth epidemiologic assessments were performed in communities during 2007 and 2008. None of the 52,632 Simulium ochraceum s.l. collected in four sentinel communities was found to contain parasite DNA when tested by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA), resulting in an upper bound of the infection rate in the vectors of 0.07/2,000. The prevalence of microfilariae (mf) in the cornea and/or anterior chamber of the eye was also zero (0 of 1,039 residents examined; 95%-UL = 0.35%). Similarly, all 1,164 individuals examined by skin biopsy were mf negative (95%-UL = 0.31%), and sera collected from 3,569 children from 25 communities did not harbor Ov16 IgG4-antibodies (95%-UL = 0.09%). These meet the criteria for absence of morbidity and parasite transmission in the Oaxaca focus. As a result mass treatments with ivermectin were halted in 2009.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interruption of Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Oaxaca Focus, Mexico

Rodríguez‐Pérez

Unnasch²,

Domínguez-Vázquez³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Unfortunately, antibody detection assays, although sufficiently sensitive, are unable to distinguish between active and past infections (Lavebratt et al (1994); Chandrashekar et al (1996);Weil et al (2000)). On their part, developed antigen detection assays are either not sufficiently sensitive and specific, or are laborious and time consuming (Mbacham et al (1992); Ngu et al (1998);Vincent et al (2000)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of an antigen detection dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human onchocerciasis

Ayong

Tume

Wembe

et al. 2005

Trop Med Int Health

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SummaryTo improve on the diagnosis of onchocerciasis, especially light infections, we developed and evaluated an oncho-dipstick test based on the detection of Onchocerca volvulus specific antigens in urine and tears. The test was able to detect as little as 25 ng/ml of parasite specific antigens in samples and took as little as 3 h. Evaluation of the assay on 456 residents of an onchocerciasis hyperendermic area in Cameroon resulted in 408 (89.5%) positives in urine and 374 (82%) positives in tears. The prevalence of onchocerciasis in the study area, as determined by Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) and skin snip methods, was 52 and 36.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of the oncho-dipstick assay was 100% in urine and 92% in tears; its specificity was 100% in both. Concordance between urine and tear test results from the same individuals was 87%. The test strips were sufficiently reactive when left at room temperature for up to 8 months. The test would be useful for laboratory diagnosis of onchocerciasis in low transmission zones and to ascertain successful treatment of patients in experimental drug studies.

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“…The development of rapid diagnostic assays for onchocerciasis (22) and lymphatic filariasis (20) has not only simplified the care of individual patients with these filarial infections but also allowed accurate and cost-effective geographic mapping for the purpose of mass chemotherapy in areas of endemicity (21) and for use in the certification process of elimination (15). Nevertheless, the coendemicity of loiasis with these and other filarial infections of humans remains an issue because of species-specific differences in the responses to available antifilarial therapies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of Loa loa Infection

et al. 2008

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The ability to diagnose Loa loa infection readily and accurately remains a demanding task. Among the available diagnostic methods, many are impractical for point-of-care field testing. To investigate whether luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) can be used for rapid and specific diagnosis of L. loa infection, a LIPS assay was developed based on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 subclass antibodies to a recombinant L. loa SXP-1 (designated LlSXP-1) antigen and tested with sera from healthy controls or patients with proven infection with L. loa, Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus, Strongyloides stercoralis, or Wuchereria bancrofti. A LIPS test measuring IgG antibody against LlSXP-1 readily differentiated L. loa-infected from uninfected patients and demonstrated markedly improved sensitivity and specificity compared with an LlSXP-1 IgG4-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (67% sensitivity and 99% specificity). No significant immunoreactivity was observed with S. stercoralisinfected sera, but a small number of patients infected with O. volvulus, M. perstans, or W. bancrofti showed positive immunoreactivity. Measuring anti-IgG4-specific antibodies to LlSXP-1 showed a significant correlation (r ϳ 0.85; P < 0.00001) with the anti-IgG results but showed no advantage over measuring the total IgG response alone. In contrast, a rapid LIPS format (called QLIPS) in which the tests are performed in less than 15 minutes under nonequilibrium conditions significantly improved the specificity for cross-reactive O. volvulus patient sera (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity). These results suggest that LIPS (and the even more rapid test QLIPS) represents a major advance in the ability to diagnose L. loa infection and may have future applications for point-of-care diagnostics.The development of rapid diagnostic assays for onchocerciasis (22) and lymphatic filariasis (20) has not only simplified the care of individual patients with these filarial infections but also allowed accurate and cost-effective geographic mapping for the purpose of mass chemotherapy in areas of endemicity (21) and for use in the certification process of elimination (15). Nevertheless, the coendemicity of loiasis with these and other filarial infections of humans remains an issue because of species-specific differences in the responses to available antifilarial therapies. This has been of particular concern in the setting of both the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) and the Global Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), where mass drug administration has ground to a halt in certain areas of Africa because of deaths related to ivermectin administered as part of mass treatment programs for onchocerciasis control (3,12).Although the definitive diagnosis of Loa loa infection can be made morphologically by identifying microfilariae in the blood or, rarely, after surgical removal of the adult worm (typically from its subconjunctival location), a proportion of infected individuals are amicrofilaremic (9, 13). PC...

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A Rapid‐Format Antibody Card Test for Diagnosis of Onchocerciasis

Cited by 120 publications

References 14 publications

Interruption of Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Oaxaca Focus, Mexico

Interruption of Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Oaxaca Focus, Mexico

Development and evaluation of an antigen detection dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human onchocerciasis

Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of Loa loa Infection

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