A Rapid, Low-Cost, and High-Precision Multifrequency Electrical Impedance Tomography Data Acquisition System for Plant Phenotyping

Abstract

Plant phenotyping plays an important role for the thorough assessment of plant traits such as growth, development, and physiological processes with the target of achieving higher crop yields by the proper crop management. The assessment can be done by utilizing two- and three-dimensional image reconstructions of the inhomogeneities. The quality of the reconstructed image is required to maintain a high accuracy and a good resolution, and it is desirable to reconstruct the images with the lowest possible noise. In this work, an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data acquisition system is developed for the reconstruction and evaluation of the inhomogeneities by utilizing a non-destructive method. A high-precision EIT system is developed by designing an electrode array sensor using a cylindrical domain for the measurements in different planes. Different edible plant slices along with multiple plant roots are taken in the EIT domain to assess and calibrate the system, and their reconstructed results are evaluated by utilizing an impedance imaging technique. A non-invasive imaging is carried out in multiple frequencies by utilizing a difference method of reconstruction. The performance and accuracy of the EIT system are evaluated by measuring impedances between 1 and 100 kHz using a low-cost and rapid electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tool connected to the sensor. A finite element method (FEM) modeling is utilized for image reconstruction, which is carried out using electrical impedance and diffuse optical tomography reconstruction software (EIDORS). The reconstruction is made successfully with the optimized results obtained using Gauss–Newton (GN) algorithms.

Semi-Supervised Clustering-Based DANA Algorithm for Data Gathering and Disease Detection in Healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

“…Early assurance could result in faster treatment and longer life. In any case, it could also wrongly appear to extend the hour of death through lead time tendency or length time inclination [ 37 ].…”

Complex-valued multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography based on deep neural networks

“…EIT is also portable, simple to use, and inexpensive, which has made them popular among academics to find and describe internal regions of interest. Currently, the utility of EIT covers a wide range of applications from medical diagnostics to industrial process monitoring and geophysical imaging, including medical imaging [1,2], geophysical exploration [3], industrial process imaging [4], and plant phenotyping [5,6], demonstrating its versatility.…”