A rapid magnetic bead-based immunoassay for sensitive determination of diclofenac

Abstract

Increasing contamination of environmental waters with pharmaceuticals represents an emerging threat for the drinking water quality and safety. In this regard, fast and reliable analytical methods are required to allow quick countermeasures in case of contamination. Here, we report the development of a magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MBBA) for the fast and cost-effective determination of the analgesic diclofenac (DCF) in water samples, based on diclofenac-coupled magnetic beads and a robust monoclonal anti-DCF antibody. A novel synthetic strategy for preparation of the beads resulted in an assay that enabled for the determination of diclofenac with a significantly lower limit of detection (400 ng/L) than the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With shorter incubation times and only one manual washing step required, the assay demands for remarkably shorter time to result (< 45 min) and less equipment than ELISA. Evaluation of assay precision and accuracy with a series of spiked water samples yielded results with low to moderate intra- and inter-assay variations and in good agreement with LC–MS/MS reference analysis. The assay principle can be transferred to other, e.g., microfluidic, formats, as well as applied to other analytes and may replace ELISA as the standard immunochemical method. Graphical abstract

Re-assessment of monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac for their application in the analysis of environmental waters

“…Other studies rely on other formats, such as magnetic bead-based immunoassays. 62 For environmental analysis, measurements of the effluents are important since they provide information on the elimination rates of the sewage treatment plants and the environmental impact via their input load into surface waters.…”

A three-dimensional microfluidic flow cell and system integration for improved electrochemical substrate detection in HRP/TMB-based immunoassays

“…With the selected 3D chip, the integrated system was tested as an example for a previously optimised and described 23 magnetic bead-based immunoassay (MBBA) for the detection of diclofenac (DCF) constructed with the selective and robust anti-DCF antibody F01G21. 35…”

Research on a Magnetic Separation-Based Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction System and Its Detection Applications

“…Magnetic beads typically have ligands on their surfaces that are specific to nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA. After modification (e.g., surface modification with silica or carboxylation), they can selectively bind to nucleic acid molecules [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Examples of products using this approach include the Thermo Kingfisher series and Roche MagNA Pure LC.…”