A Rapid Method for Screening Insecticides in the Laboratory

Abstract

An efficient method for rapidly mass-screening insecticides for use against sap-feeding virus vectors is presented with a case study of 30 chemicals. The method permits large numbers of insecticides to be tested simultaneously and relatively inexpensively in a sequence of laboratory bioassays. The sequence is designed to find the most effective pesticide at the lowest concentration giving control without phytotoxicity. The system was derived to test candidate insecticides to control tomato yellow leaf curl virus vectored by the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennad., the most serious pest of greenhouse and field tomatoes in the Middle East. Although the insecticides were all more efficacious in the laboratory than in the field, bioassay results were highly correlated with results from field trials, giving high confidence that the screening process selected only the most efficacious insecticides. Most of the insecticides accepted by the screening process have since been adopted by vegetable growers in Israel. The method is not intended to eliminate field efficacy trials, but to reduce the number of trials and treatments that need to be performed, thereby reducing costs.The method provides for the optimization of application rates which will contribute to the expected life of insecticides before resistance develops, and will also help to reduce environmental contamination. In addition, the method is suitable for estimating relative efficacy for pesticide benefits assessments, a required part of the (re-)registration process for pesticides in some countries. Although developed for screening insecticides against virus-transmitting sap-feeding insects, the method could be modified to assess the efficacy of insecticides in controlling other insect pests.

Effect of Cyantraniliprole against of Bemisia tabaci and Prevention of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)

“…담배가루 이는 여러 종류의 바이러스를 매개하며 (Brown et al, 1995), 낮은 밀도로 발생했다 하더라도 바이러스 매개를 통 하여 작물에 주는 피해가 상당히 크다. 여러 가지 생태형 (biotype) 중 B와 Q 형이 가장 문제가 되고 있는데, 특히 채 소 시설하우스에서 심각한 피해를 주고 있는 biotype Q는 40여 종의 바이러스를 매개하며 (Muòiz, 2000;NavasCastillo et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2005), 특히 토마토황화 잎말림바이러스(tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV)가 가장 문제되는 바이러스로 알려져 있다 (Matsui, 1995;Brown et al, 1995;Berlinger et al, 1996;Rubinstein et al, 1999 (Choi et al, 2003;Gonzlez-Coloma et al, 2006;Isman, 2000;Isman, 2006;Negahban et al, 2007;Nerio et al, 2009;Tandon et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2013). 그러나 아직까지는 화학적 방제가 일반적으로 사용되고 있으며, 세대가 짧아 연간 발생횟수가 많으므로 살충제에 대한 저항성이 빠르게 발달할 가능성이 크다고 하였다 (Devine and Denholm, 1998).…”