A Rapid Method for Screening Insecticides in the Laboratory

Abstract

An efficient method for rapidly mass‐screening insecticides for use against sap‐feeding virus vectors is presented with a case study of 30 chemicals. The method permits large numbers of insecticides to be tested simultaneously and relatively inexpensively in a sequence of laboratory bioassays. The sequence is designed to find the most effective pesticide at the lowest concentration giving control without phytotoxicity. The system was derived to test candidate insecticides to control tomato yellow leaf curl virus vectored by the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennad., the most serious pest of greenhouse and field tomatoes in the Middle East. Although the insecticides were all more efficacious in the laboratory than in the field, bioassay results were highly correlated with results from field trials, giving high confidence that the screening process selected only the most efficacious insecticides. Most of the insecticides accepted by the screening process have since been adopted by vegetable growers in Israel. The method is not intended to eliminate field efficacy trials, but to reduce the number of trials and treatments that need to be performed, thereby reducing costs. The method provides for the optimization of application rates which will contribute to the expected life of insecticides before resistance develops, and will also help to reduce environmental contamination. In addition, the method is suitable for estimating relative efficacy for pesticide benefits assessments, a required part of the (re‐)registration process for pesticides in some countries. Although developed for screening insecticides against virus‐transmitting sap‐feeding insects, the method could be modified to assess the efficacy of insecticides in controlling other insect pests.

Efficiency of insect exclusion screens for preventing whitefly transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus of tomatoes in Israel

“…A programme to combat TYLCV was initiated at the Gilat Regional Experiment Station in 1977. Initially, this programme emphasized chemical control of the vector (Berlinger et al, 1996a), but was supplemented by basic research on B. tabaci (Berlinger et al, 1996c). As a better understand of the biology and ecology of B. tabaci was acquired, it became apparent that only mechanical exclusion would solve the TYLCV problem economically.…”