A rapid method for the quantification of fatty acids in fats and oils with emphasis on <i>trans</i> fatty acids using fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT‐NIR)

Azizian, Hormoz; Kramer, J. K. G.

doi:10.1007/s11745-005-1448-3

Cited by 111 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the factorized analysis, the average FT-NIR spectra for samples of fish oils or ethyl esters were obtained and chemometric analysis was performed to generate the classification reference models [24]. The differences between the average spectra were then presented as vectors, which are mathematical expressions used to quantify changes and differences between data sets.…”

Section: Ft-nir Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Azizian and Kramer [24][25][26] have demonstrated the use of FT-NIR for FA profiling of edible oils, including those containing trans FA. The same authors also showed that the quantitative analysis model developed was dependent upon the scanning temperature and the nature and quantity of minor constituents in the sample matrix, such as solvent [27] and sterols [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid quantitation of fish oil fatty acids and their ethyl esters by FT‐NIR models

Azizian¹,

Kramer

Ehler³

et al. 2010

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Consumption of fish oil and dietary supplements containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has steadily increased because of their reported health benefits. A rapid procedure based on Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) models was developed for analysis of fish oil and their ethyl ester derivatives to replace the time consuming GC method. Inclusion of fish oil or ethyl esters containing varied concentrations of OA, EPA, and DHA into the FT-NIR classification models made possible their classification and quantification. Accurate GC analysis is essential in developing reliable quantitative models since FT-NIR is matrix dependent. Development of FT-NIR models based on 30 m PEG capillary GC column results, as recommended by the official GC method for analysis of marine oils, proved problematic, since these columns did not resolve many geometric isomers compared to 100 m highly polar cyanopropyl polysiloxane columns. Depending on the content of geometric isomers in fish oils and ethyl esters, the levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA would be overestimated if the model used were based on the results from a 30 m column. The FT-NIR method was found to be applicable to all fish oil and ethyl ester samples, except when fatty acids were outside the range examined, or contaminants were present. The FT-NIR method was applicable to analysis of in-plant intermediates provided contaminants were absent, or identified so they could be incorporated into the model. The FT-NIR method was suitable to evaluate the shelf life of n-3 PUFA concentrates.

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Section: Ft-nir Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid quantitation of fish oil fatty acids and their ethyl esters by FT‐NIR models

Azizian¹,

Kramer

Ehler³

et al. 2010

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…It is produced in the rumen through microbial biohydrogenation of linoleic acid and in tissues by delta-9 desaturation of rumen-derived transvaccenic acid ( t11 -FA 18:1) ( 5 ). In contrast, t9,t11 -CLA is the predominant isomer found in dietary oils, as it is generated during partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils and oil refi ning ( 6,7 ). Several data from in vitro and animal studies show that dietary CLAs are benefi cial and infl uence the progression of several diseases, including cardiovascular and infl ammatory diseases and cancer (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on macrophage glycerophospholipid metabolism

Ecker

Liebisch

Scherer

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org ( c9,. Many CLA isomers have been described; however, the major isomer occurring in meat and dairy products is c9,t11 -CLA ( 2-4 ). It is produced in the rumen through microbial biohydrogenation of linoleic acid and in tissues by delta-9 desaturation of rumen-derived transvaccenic acid ( t11 -FA 18:1) ( 5 ). In contrast, t9,t11 -CLA is the predominant isomer found in dietary oils, as it is generated during partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils and oil refi ning ( 6, 7 ). Several data from in vitro and animal studies show that dietary CLAs are benefi cial and infl uence the progression of several diseases, including cardiovascular and infl ammatory diseases and cancer ( 8-11 ).We have previously reported that two isomers in particular, c9,t11 -and t9,t11 -CLA, have specifi c and even contrasting effects on gene expression associated with lipid metabolism of human macrophages ( 12, 13 ). Concerning CLA metabolism, it has been shown that c9,t11 -CLA incorporates into phospholipids of leukemia cells and can be found in plasma and cellular lipids of healthy men supplemented with a diet enriched with this CLA isomer ( 14, 15 ). However, so far the effects of c9,t11 -CLA on individual phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and its cellular distribution are not precisely described, and data on the metabolism of the t9,t11 -CLA isomer are completely unavailable.Therefore we investigated c9,t11 -CLA and t9,t11 -CLA metabolism by quantitative lipid mass spectrometry. As a cellular model, human primary monocyte-derived macrophages were chosen because these cells are highly active with respect to fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism ( 16 ). Moreover macrophages, which are multifunctional cells present in all tissues of the human body, play important roles in several metabolic diseases, including atheroAbstract Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are dietary fatty acids. Whereas cis-9,trans-11-(c9,t11)-CLA can be found in meat and dairy products, trans-9,trans-11-(t9,t11) -CLA is a constituent of vegetable oils. Previous studies showed that these two isomers activate different nuclear receptors and, thus, expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Here we show that these CLA isomers are differentially elongated and desaturated in primary monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from healthy volunteers by using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). We further demonstrate that c9,t11 -CLA incorporates in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species and activates de novo glycerophospholipid synthesis by quantitative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). c9,t11 -CLA leads to strong shifts of the species profi les to PC 18:2/18:2 and PE 18:2/18:2, which are due to de novo synthesis and fatty acid remodeling. In contrast, t9,t11 -CLA is preferentially bound to neutral lipids, including triglycerides and cholesterol esters.Taken together our results show that ...

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“…Different grades of Canadian beef would, therefore, likely be too inconsistent to allow for enrichment claims as is. The development and use of rapid analytical methods (e.g., Azizian and Kramer 2005;Aldai et al 2007) would prove useful in sorting carcasses with higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids. In addition, dependent on the levels required, development of dietary and management strategies to consistently enrich beneficial fatty acids would also be of benefit.…”

Section: Variation In Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous fat composition of youthful and mature Canadian beef: emphasis on individual conjugated linoleic acid and trans-18:1 isomers

Dugan¹,

Rolland²,

Aalhus³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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A comprehensive evaluation of the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue from beef cattle produced in western Canada was undertaken to determine if the current Canadian grading system is able to distinguish classes of animals with value added potential due to their fatty acid composition. Grades included youthful Canadian Yield Grade 1 A/AA beef, under (YUTM) and over (YOTM) 30 mo of age and the four mature grades (D1, D2, D2 and D4). Subcutaneous fat between the 12th and 13th ribs over the longissimus muscle was obtained from 18–21 animals per grade. Fatty acids were analyzed using a combination of silver-ion HPLC and GC with a highly polar 100 m column. There were no differences in total trans-18:1 content amongst grades, but adipose tissue from grade D1, D2 and D4 had more 11t-18:1 than YUTM (P < 0.05), whereas adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses had more 10t-18:1 than all other grades (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses also had less total CLA (P < 0.05) than the D grades, mainly due to a lower level of 9c,11t-CLA, but they had slightly more 7t,9c-CLA and 10t,12c-CLA (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue from YOTM and D grades contained more n-3 fatty acids relative to YUTM (0.56% vs. 0.29%; P < 0.05) and lower n-6:n-3 ratios (P < 0.05). Overall, older animals (YOTM and D grades) had adipose tissue compositions with higher levels of fatty acids with reported health benefits. Taken together, these higher levels may provide opportunities for value added marketing if regulatory authorities allow claims for their enrichment based on demonstrated health benefits. Higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids, however, need to be considered within the context of the complete fatty acid profile and it would be important to demonstrate their advantages in the presence of relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids. Key words: CLA, trans, vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, beef, adipose tissue

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A rapid method for the quantification of fatty acids in fats and oils with emphasis on trans fatty acids using fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT‐NIR)

Cited by 111 publications

References 41 publications

Rapid quantitation of fish oil fatty acids and their ethyl esters by FT‐NIR models

Rapid quantitation of fish oil fatty acids and their ethyl esters by FT‐NIR models

Differential effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on macrophage glycerophospholipid metabolism

Subcutaneous fat composition of youthful and mature Canadian beef: emphasis on individual conjugated linoleic acid and trans-18:1 isomers

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