A rapid method for the determination of glycogen content and radioactivity in small quantities of tissue or isolated hepatocytes

Chan, Timothy M.; Exton, John H.

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90014-2

Cited by 407 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…22 Glycogen was then isolated by selective precipitation in ice-cold 66% ethanol. 23 This precipitation step also removed the traces of labeled glucose, which is soluble in ethanol. The radioactivity incorporated into the polysaccharide was measured.…”

Section: Glycogen Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons Have an Active Glycogen Metabolism that Contributes to Tolerance to Hypoxia

Sáez

Durán

Sinadinos

et al. 2014

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

179

165

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Glycogen is present in the brain, where it has been found mainly in glial cells but not in neurons. Therefore, all physiologic roles of brain glycogen have been attributed exclusively to astrocytic glycogen. Working with primary cultured neurons, as well as with genetically modified mice and flies, here we report that-against general belief-neurons contain a low but measurable amount of glycogen. Moreover, we also show that these cells express the brain isoform of glycogen phosphorylase, allowing glycogen to be fully metabolized. Most importantly, we show an active neuronal glycogen metabolism that protects cultured neurons from hypoxia-induced death and flies from hypoxia-induced stupor. Our findings change the current view of the role of glycogen in the brain and reveal that endogenous neuronal glycogen metabolism participates in the neuronal tolerance to hypoxic stress.

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Section: Glycogen Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons Have an Active Glycogen Metabolism that Contributes to Tolerance to Hypoxia

Sáez

Durán

Sinadinos

et al. 2014

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

179

165

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“…Muscle glycogen concentration was analysed using the method of Chan and Exton (1976) modified by removing the filter paper step (Gardner et al, 1998).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ingesting a saltbush and barley ration on the carcass and eating quality of sheepmeat

Pearce

Pethick

Masters

2008

Animal

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Forage halophytes such as saltbush (Atriplex spp.) are widely used to revegetate Australian saline land and can provide a medium-quality fodder source. An animal house experiment was conducted to investigate differences in the carcass and eating quality of sheep ingesting saltbush from saline land in combination with a barley supplement. Twenty-six merino hoggets (two groups of 13) were fed either a 60 : 40 dried saltbush (Atriplex nummularia): barley (S 1 B) ration or a 33 : 25 : 42 lupins : barley : oaten hay ration (C) for 10 weeks prior to commercial slaughter. After 10 weeks, all sheep were commercially slaughtered and a single loin (from 12th rib to chump) collected from each animal for taste-panel analysis. Carcass weight, total tissue depth over the 12th rib 110 mm from the midline (GR fat depth), ultimate pH and colour were determined and X-ray bone densitometry used to estimate the fat content of the carcass. Blood samples were taken to assess the hormonal response to ingesting these diets and fatty acid profiles of the subcutaneous and intramuscular fat were determined. Both groups grew at the same rate (62 g/day) and had similar hot carcass weights (P . 0.01) (17.2 6 0.3 kg for S 1 B and 17.9 6 0.3 kg for C). However, these live weights may not be high enough to be commercially viable such that saltbush and barley may only be suitable as a maintenance feed. The S 1 B-fed sheep had a significantly (P 5 0.055) lower fat and higher lean content (P , 0.05) than the C group. This is a positive finding as fat denudation is a significant cost to processors and farmers can produce sheep that are depositing less fat or more lean per unit of live-weight gain. The decreased fat and increased lean content were attributed to the higher protein : energy ratio available for production and lower circulating insulin and higher growth hormone of the S 1 B-fed sheep. The lower body-fat content and lower metabolisable energy and digestible organic matter intake did correlate with the sheep fed the S 1 B diet, having a significantly lower percentage of unsaturated fat and equal levels of saturated fat than the C treatment. Diet had no effect on the ultimate pH or colour of the meat. Treatment had no significant effect on any of the eating-quality attributes (P . 0.1). The drying of the saltbush, the shorter length of the experimental period and the low carcass fat content were believed to have contributed to this result. Further field experiments are needed to clarify the benefits to carcass and eating quality of ingesting saltbush.

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“…Glycogen was determined by a modification of the method of Chan and Exton [42]. Tissue samples for glycogen analysis were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -70 ~ Approximately 100 mg of each tissue was extracted with i ml of ice-cold 30 % (w/v) perchloric acid for i h at 4 ~ Following centrifugation in a microfuge, 10 bl of the supernatant was spotted on 7-mm Whatman 3MM paper disks (Hillsboro, Oregon, USA).…”

Section: H-glucose Incorporation Into Lipid Adipocytes Were Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of human GLUT4 in mice results in increased insulin action

Deems¹,

Evans²,

Deacon³

et al. 1994

Diabetologia

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Summary Glucose metabolism was evaluated in transgenic mice expressing the human GLUT 4 glucose transporter. Fed GLUT 4 transgenic mice exhibited a 32 % and 56 % reduction in serum glucose and insulin and a 69 % and 33 % increase in non-esterified fatty acid and lactate levels, respectively. Transgenic mice exhibited a significant increase in whole-body glucose disposal during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin-stin'mlated glucose uptake in isolated soleus muscles and adipocytes was greater in transgenic compared to control mice due to increased basal glucose uptake. Transgenic mice displayed increased glycogen levels in liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and increased insulin-stimulated 14C-glycogen accumulation in isolated soleus muscle. We conclude that over-expression of the GLUT 4 glucose transporter in mice results in 1) an increase in whole-body glucose disposal and storage, and 2) an increase in both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and disposal in vitro. These changes resulted in the reduction of serum glucose and insulin levels. These results provide direct evidence that glucose transport (and GLUT 4 per se) plays a significant role in regulating wholebody glucose homeostasis. Additionally, these data support the idea that pharmacological strategies directed at increasing the expression of GLUT 4 protein may have beneficial (hypoglycaemic) effects in the diabetic state. [Diabetologia (1994[Diabetologia ( ) 37: 1097[Diabetologia ( -1104

show abstract

A rapid method for the determination of glycogen content and radioactivity in small quantities of tissue or isolated hepatocytes

Cited by 407 publications

References 7 publications

Neurons Have an Active Glycogen Metabolism that Contributes to Tolerance to Hypoxia

Neurons Have an Active Glycogen Metabolism that Contributes to Tolerance to Hypoxia

The effect of ingesting a saltbush and barley ration on the carcass and eating quality of sheepmeat

Expression of human GLUT4 in mice results in increased insulin action

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