“…Longer heating steps are present in all approaches with digestion steps for non-destructive DNA isolation [ 11 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Longer or repetitive heating steps are also used in direct PCR methods [ 13 , 37 , 41 ], the HotSHOT method [ 20 , 41 ], the Chelex method [ 35 , 43 ], the TE-boiling method [ 50 ], and the TNES method [ 51 ] for arthropods.…”