A Rapid, Noninvasive Method for Evaluation of Total Menstrual Loss

Pendergrass, Paula B.; Scott, Jane N.; Ream, Larry J.

doi:10.1159/000299144

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the questionnaire, plus sign indicates Byes,^minus sign indicates Bno,^and question mark indicates Bunclear.^G labeled isotopes conveyed some radiation exposure hazards and did not provide higher accuracy compared to spectrophotometric methods [20]. Because direct methods were sophisticated and were not suitable for implementation among general population, another approach was to indirectly calculate hemoglobin contents by weighing sanitary product before and after use [21]. Despite being simpler, the accuracy of this method is limited by the variability in the blood content of menstrual fluid which ranges between 30 and 50 % of total menstrual fluid volume and which differs from day to day during menstrual period [22,23].…”

Section: Objective Methods For Assessment Of Mblmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pictorial blood loss assessment chart for quantification of menstrual blood loss: a systematic review

2015

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To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBLAC) compared to objective measurements of menstrual blood loss (MBL), a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and EBM Reviews-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until September 30, 2014 was performed. Terms referring to Bpictorial blood loss assessment chart,^Bmenstrual blood loss evaluation,^and Balkaline hematin^were used. The ability of PBLAC to predict significant blood loss, compared to alkaline hematin as a standard objective method, represents our primary outcome. Out of 255 reports identified by the primary search, seven reports were included in the review. Quality of these reports was assessed. Compared to alkaline hematin, PBLAC sensitivity and specificity ranged from 58 to 98 % and 7.5 to 97 %, respectively, with likelihood ratios (LR) for positive ranging from 1.1 to 7.8 and LR for negative tests ranging from 0.04 to 0.48. Diagnostic odds ratio ranged from 2.6 to 86.9. Although diagnostic testing was not always supportive in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and LRs, most studies support the use of PBLAC as a semi-objective method that can be implemented in research and clinical practice.

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Section: Objective Methods For Assessment Of Mblmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pictorial blood loss assessment chart for quantification of menstrual blood loss: a systematic review

2015

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“…Subjects were instructed to return all used and unused sanitary' supplies to the package including zip strips, applicators, etc. If all supplies were re turned, then the difference in weight constituted the menstrual flow [6]. Within each month's package, sup plies for the first 3 days were individually packaged and preweighed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Small Doses of Aspirin and Acetaminophen on Total Menstrual Loss and Pain of Cramps and Headache

Pendergrass¹,

Scott²,

Ream³

et al. 1985

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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90 women participated in a 4-month study. During the first 2 periods, they took no pain relievers whatsoever; during their last 2 periods they took 2 × 325 mg aspirin, acetaminophen or an identically packaged placebo every 4 h to total 8 tablets during the first 24 h of their periods beginning with spotting. For statistical analysis, periods 1 and 2 were combined and averaged, then compared with periods 3 and 4 combined and averaged. Total menstrual loss in grams, number of days of flow, and pain of cramps and headaches were analyzed by MANOVA for each of the three treatment groups. An ANOVA for each of these variables as well as for daily menstrual loss for the first 3 menstrual days was also performed. The MANOVA for all variables by the three treatment groups failed to show any significant differences. Similarly, ANOVAs for the individual variables failed to indicate significant differences except for the variable pain of cramps (p = 0.0072). The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for pain of cramps showed that the average pain for the placebo group was higher than for either the aspirin or the acetaminophen group, although the means for these two groups were not significantly different. These results indicate that neither aspirin nor acetaminophen in the doses given alter either total menstrual loss or the pattern of loss during the first 3 menstrual days. However, both preparations were found to be more effective than placebo in reducing pain of cramps.

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“…Total menstrual weights were obtained for each subject via a direct weight method [7], Enough sani tary supplies for 1 monthly period were packaged and preweighed. Subjects were instructed to return all used and unused sanitary supplies to the package including zip strips, applicators, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Aspirin and Acetaminophen Affect Total Menstrual Loss?

Pendergrass¹,

Ream²,

Scott³

et al. 1984

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Two commonly taken over-the-counter analgesics, aspirin and acetaminophen, were compared for: effect on total menstrual loss, effect on total days of menstruation, and effect in reduction of pain due to headaches and/or menstrual cramps. Drugs were administered during a 4-month study according to a double-blind format. During the first 2 months, subjects ingested no drugs whatsoever during their menstrual periods. During the second 2 months, subjects ingested aspirin, acetaminophen, or placebo at the rate of two 325-mg tablets every 4 h to total 8 tablets per day during the first 3 days of their menstrual periods. Statistical analysis of the first 2 periods compared to the last 2 showed no differences in total menstrual weights. The number of days of menstruation in the placebo group was significantly lower (p = 0.0137) than in its own control or in the other groups. Neither analgesic showed a signficant reduction in pain due to headache or cramps, although acetaminophen appeared to be slightly more effective than aspirin in reducing menstrual cramps.

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A Rapid, Noninvasive Method for Evaluation of Total Menstrual Loss

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Pictorial blood loss assessment chart for quantification of menstrual blood loss: a systematic review

Pictorial blood loss assessment chart for quantification of menstrual blood loss: a systematic review

Effect of Small Doses of Aspirin and Acetaminophen on Total Menstrual Loss and Pain of Cramps and Headache

Do Aspirin and Acetaminophen Affect Total Menstrual Loss?

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