A Rapid Postmortem Screening Test for Lead Toxicosis in Common Loons (Gavia immer) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Kornetsky, Rachel; Rock, Meagan L; Pokras, Mark A.

doi:10.7589/2011-11-336

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bench top analysis of tissue fluids shows good correlation with liver lead concentrations in loons (Kornetsky et al, 2013). Similar items and coins may be ingested by penguins.…”

Section: Toxicmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sphenisciformes, Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes, Procellariiformes, and Pelecaniformes

Stidworthy

Denk

2018

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

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“…Bench top analysis of tissue fluids shows good correlation with liver lead concentrations in loons (Kornetsky et al, 2013). Similar items and coins may be ingested by penguins.…”

Section: Toxicmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sphenisciformes, Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes, Procellariiformes, and Pelecaniformes

Stidworthy

Denk

2018

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

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“…The 19 body fluid samples were analyzed for lead using a desk-top LeadCare® blood lead testing system (Magellan Diagnostics, North Billerica, Massachusetts USA). (Kornetsky, Rock, & Pokras, 2013) In using this system, there is an upper limit of 65 ug/dL for measurements. Since our analyses focus on correlations of these continuous variables, we use values of 65 ug/dL for the five measurements found to be >65 ug/dL.…”

Section: Body Fluid Measurements-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead exposure biomarkers in the Common Loon

Specht

Kirchner

Weisskopf

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Lead in fishing tackle is a significant source of exposure to the environment, wildlife, and potentially humans. Common Loons (Gavia immer) are exposed to lead by eating fish which have lead tackle, or ingesting fishing weights or spent ammunition when they ingest small stones to aid in digestion. Blood lead is traditionally used as a biomarker of exposure in loons, but it only reflects recent exposures. Cumulative exposure measured via bone lead may better reflect the overall health of loons and their aquatic habitat. This study compared a portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) device for measurement of bone lead with and without tissue overlying the bone on loon cadavers with measurements made by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of different tissues from the loons. For this study we had 75 bone samples, 19 body fluid samples, and 17 liver lead samples. We found significant correlations between portable XRF bone lead measurements made with overlying tissue and ICP-MS measures of bone lead (R = 0.88), body fluid lead (R = 0.65), and liver lead (R = 0.71). Bone lead was found to be higher in loons collected from non-coastal regions. In assessing lead-related cause of death, bone lead proved more predictive than liver lead. Future studies should investigate the value of these biomarkers for both aquatic health and loon health to further validate our findings.

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Critically assessing the utility of portable lead analyzers for wildlife conservation

Herring

Eagles‐Smith

Bedrosian³

et al. 2018

Wildl. Soc. Bull.

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Lead (Pb) exposure in wildlife is a widespread management and conservation concern. Quantitative determination of Pb concentrations in wildlife tissues is the foundation for estimating exposure and risk. Development of low-cost, portable instruments has improved access and cost-effectiveness of determining Pb concentrations in blood samples, while also facilitating the ability for wildlife researchers to conduct near real-time Pb testing. However, these instruments, which use anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) methodology, may produce an analytical bias in wildlife-blood Pb concentrations. Additionally, their simplicity invites use without appropriate quality-assurance-quality-control measures. Together, these factors can reduce data quality and hamper the ability to evaluate it, raising concerns about use of these instruments to inform important conservation issues. We document the extent to which this bias is addressed in the wildlife toxicology literature, develop quantitative approaches for correcting the bias, and provide recommendations to ensure robust data quality when using these instruments. Of the 25 studies we reviewed that referenced ASV use for determining Pb exposure in wildlife, only 32% acknowledged the existence of bias from the instrument. Importantly, another 20% of the studies actually reported ASV and spectroscopic-based results together without acknowledging their lack of equivalence. Using a multispecies data set of avian blood Pb concentrations, we found that ASV-based estimates of paired blood Pb concentrations were 30-38% lower than those from standard spectrometric-based methods. We provide regression equations based on this analysis of 453 blood samples to allow users of ASV instruments to adjust Pb concentrations to spectrometricequivalent values, and propose a series of guidelines to follow when using these instruments to improve data validity. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.KEY WORDS anodic stripping voltammetry, blood lead, graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively-coupled mass spectrometry, LeadCare 1 , portable lead analyzer.

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A Rapid Postmortem Screening Test for Lead Toxicosis in Common Loons (Gavia immer) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Sphenisciformes, Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes, Procellariiformes, and Pelecaniformes

Sphenisciformes, Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes, Procellariiformes, and Pelecaniformes

Lead exposure biomarkers in the Common Loon

Critically assessing the utility of portable lead analyzers for wildlife conservation

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