A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Termination of Right and Left Cephalic Veins

Abstract

Clinically, the cephalic vein is preferred for haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), to remove waste products from blood. The cut-down of cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove is preferred when superior vena caval infusion is necessary. However, cephalic veins exhibit a wide array of developmental variations in terms of formation, course, and termination. In this report, we describe a case of an anomalous cephalic vein with a bifid course of terminations on both left and right upper limbs which has not been described by previous literature. During routine gross anatomy dissection of the neck, we observed a rare case of variation of the termination of the cephalic vein in both right and left upper limbs, of a male cadaver. Knowledge of the variations of cephalic vein is important not only for anatomists but also for surgeons and clinicians as the vein is frequently used for different surgical procedures and for obtaining peripheral venous access as well.

Two different variants of the jugulocephalic vein with supraclavicular course

“…Based on the classification, Kameda et al [13] suggested each frequency of subtypes as 0.4%, 1.2%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. They suggested single case report related with the variations [1,5,14,15,21,23,25,33,35] and we found some more case reports related with this variation: three for subtype 1A [2,8,12], three for subtype 1B [19,27], and one for subtype 2A [9]. The case 1 and 2 belong to subtype 1B and 1A, respectively.…”

Estudio Cadavérico del Arco de la Vena Cefálica

“…De acuerdo a los estudios consultados, la terminación en forma simple es la conformación más frecuente, hecho concordante con nuestros resultados. Sin embargo, numerosos autores han señalado la existencia de terminaciones dobles del AVC, al igual que las encontradas en el presente estudio (Kian & Asif, 2008;Daoui & Asif;Russo et al, 2017;Maalman et al, 2018).…”

“…Esta variación tiene una frecuencia del 0,7 % al 5,4 % en la bibliografía consultada. Corresponde al remanente embriológico denominado vena yugulocefálica persistente (VYC), típica de primates no humanos, y reportada de manera esporádica en humanos (Jun et al, 2017;Latarjet & Ruiz Liard;Maalman et al;Novakov & Krasteva;Russo et al) Así mismo, la literatura describe casos en los que el AVC puede drenar también en la vena yugular interna (VYI) o directamente en la vena subclavia (VS), siendo esta última, la variación más frecuente (Kiev & Asif; Lau et al).…”

Corrigendum to “A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Termination of Right and Left Cephalic Veins”

“…In the article titled “A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Termination of Right and Left Cephalic Veins” [ 1 ], there were errors in the Abstract and the Introduction section.…”