A rare case of a laryngeal leiomyosarcoma with a lymph node metastasis

Abstract

Highlights Leiomyosarcoma of the larynx a very rare malignancy. Leiomyosarcoma of the larynx may represent a serious diagnostic challenge. No therapeutic protocol has been established yet. Treatment modalities depends on size, location, extension of the tumor. The prognosis is conditioned by the quality of surgical excision and the occurrence of recurrence and metastases.

Epstein–Barrvirus‐associated leiomyosarcoma of the larynx in an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Case report and review of the literature

“…It may be an ulceroproliferative mass, a prolapsing exophytic tumor, a rounded mass with smooth surface, a pedunculated large glottic lesion, an irregular mass, a polypoid lesion, or a small, smooth submucosal lesion. Only two cases (3.3%) had neck lymph node metastasis 14,54 . The finding in the present case was an irregular mass at the anterior commissure covering the bilateral vocal cords and subglottic extension.…”

“…LLMS is uncommon; we identified 62 cases in the English‐language literature (Table 1). 1,3–55 Tangjaturonrasme found that the number of LLMS cases was increasing; four cases were reported from 1961 to 1970, compared to 21 cases from 2000 to 2010. This may be a result of advances in diagnostic techniques, including immunohistochemical techniques and electron microscopy 46 .…”

“…It was first reported by Jackson and Jackson in 1939 2 . To the best of our knowledge, 62 cases of LLMS have been reported in the English‐language literature 1,3–55 …”

“…Factors predisposing to LLMS include radiation exposure, surgery, multiple basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Gardner syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, Werner syndrome, retinoblastoma, Turcot syndrome, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in immunosuppressed patients 1,3–55 …”

“…2 To the best of our knowledge, 62 cases of LLMS have been reported in the English‐language literature. 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 …”