A rare case of Myrothecium species causing mycotic keratitis: Diagnosis and management

Rameshkumar, Gunasekaran; Sikha, Misra; Ponlakshmi, Mariappan; pandiyan, Appavu Selva; Lalitha, Prajna

doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2019.07.010

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These patients were treated with topical natamycin and voriconazole. One patient completely recovered, but the other did not, suggesting potential resistance to azoles (7). In our case, A. verrucaria was resistant to fluconazole and echinocandins, and elevated MIC values for itraconazole were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The importance of A. verrucaria in humans arose from the observation that it produces a potent mycotoxin, which may produce numerous adverse effects, such as the inhibition of protein synthesis, immune suppression, and impairment of alveolar macrophage function (6). Some authors have recently reported Myrotecium spp., also called Albifimbria spp., as the causative agents of keratitis in immunocompetent patients (7). To our knowledge, ours is the only report of A. verrucaria as a causative agent of infection in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence of Albifimbria verrucaria in the Blood of a Female Child With Neuroblastoma

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report for the first time the occurrence of a filamentous fungus, Albifimbria verrucaria, in the blood of a pediatric neuroblastoma patient. The Albifimbria genus comprises common soil-inhabiting and saprophytic fungi and has been isolated as a plant pathogen in Northern and Southern Italy. As a human pathogen, A. verrucaria has been implicated in keratitis and can produce trichothecene toxins, which are weakly cytotoxic for mammalian cell lines. A. verrucaria was isolated from blood during the follow-up of a previous coagulase-negative Staphylococcus catheter-related infection. Lung nodules, compatible with fungal infection, had been observed on a CT scan 6 months earlier; they still persist. Possible routes of transmission were considered to be airborne, catheter related, or transfusion dependent, as the patient had undergone platelet and red blood cell transfusions during rescue chemotherapy. No filamentous fungi were isolated from sputum or CVCs. In conclusion, we describe an unprecedented fungemia caused by A. verrucaria and show how an unexpected pathogen may be acquired from the environment by patients at high risk due to immunosuppression. The route of transmission remains unknown.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Occurrence of Albifimbria verrucaria in the Blood of a Female Child With Neuroblastoma

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For fecal mycobiome (fecal fungi), there was a subtle alteration in sham and CLP mice in all parameters ( Figure 1B ) , partly due to the less abundance of fecal fungi in mice than in humans ( 19 , 42 , 43 ). Although Ascomycota (the phylum of C. albicans , the most prominent fungi in the human gut) was not different between sham and CLP mice, the fecal abundance of Myrothecium , a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota group with a limited report of infection ( 44 ), in CLP mice was less than that in sham mice ( Figure 2B ) . In the fecal virome, the predominant viruses in sham mice were Siphoviridae (double-stranded DNA phages against some Lactobacilli spp.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Critical roles of sepsis-reshaped fecal virota in attenuating sepsis severity

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because studies on all fecal organisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) in sepsis are rare and bacteriophages during sepsis might have adapted against gut bacteria with possible pathogenicity, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP; a sepsis mouse model) was evaluated. In fecal bacteriome, sepsis increased Bacteroides and Proteobacteria but decreased Firmicutes, while fecal virome demonstrated increased Podoviridae when compared with sham feces. There was no difference in the fungal microbiome (predominant Ascomycota in both sham and CLP mice) and the abundance of all organisms between sepsis and control groups. Interestingly, the transfers of feces from CLP mice worsened sepsis severity when compared with sham fecal transplantation, as evaluated by mortality, renal injury (serum creatinine and histology), liver damage (liver enzyme and histology), spleen apoptosis, serum cytokines, endotoxemia, and bacteremia. In contrast, the transfers of fecal viral particles from sepsis mice, but not from sham mice, attenuated inflammation in CLP sepsis possibly through the decrease in several fecal pathogenic bacteria (such as Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Prevotellaceae) as evaluated by fecal microbiome analysis. Perhaps the isolation of favorable bacteriophages in sepsis feces and increased abundance ex vivo before oral treatment in a high concentration are beneficial.

show abstract

“…They also occur in hay, green feed, and silage from contaminated cereals [19]. What is more, Myrothecium s can contaminate various vegetables e.g., tomato [20]. TCT can also enter human TCT are identified as a significant threat to human and animal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also occur in hay, straw, green feed, and silage from contaminated cereals [19]. What is more, Myrothecium species can contaminate various vegetables e.g., tomato [20]. TCT can also enter human food chains through breakfast cereals, bakery products, snack foods, and beer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 Toxin—The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among trichothecenes, T-2 toxin is the most toxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by different Fusarium species. Moreover, T-2 is the most common cause of poisoning that results from the consumption of contaminated cereal-based food and feed reported among humans and animals. The food and feed most contaminated with T-2 toxin is made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, and maize. After exposition or ingestion, T-2 is immediately absorbed from the alimentary tract or through the respiratory mucosal membranes and transported to the liver as a primary organ responsible for toxin's metabolism. Depending on the age, way of exposure, and dosage, intoxication manifests by vomiting, feed refusal, stomach necrosis, and skin irritation, which is rarely observed in case of mycotoxins intoxication. In order to eliminate T-2 toxin, various decontamination techniques have been found to mitigate the concentration of T-2 toxin in agricultural commodities. However, it is believed that 100% degradation of this toxin could be not possible. In this review, T-2 toxin toxicity, metabolism, and decontamination strategies are presented and discussed.

show abstract

A rare case of Myrothecium species causing mycotic keratitis: Diagnosis and management

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Occurrence of Albifimbria verrucaria in the Blood of a Female Child With Neuroblastoma

Occurrence of Albifimbria verrucaria in the Blood of a Female Child With Neuroblastoma

Critical roles of sepsis-reshaped fecal virota in attenuating sepsis severity

T-2 Toxin—The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About