A Rare Case of Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection

Kanagavelu, Aravind Sunderavel Kumaravel; Nagumantry, Sateesh K.; Sagi, Satyanarayana V; Oyibo, Samson O

doi:10.14740/jmc3866

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…While data with Legionella and CAS is sparse, correlations can be drawn from other atypical pneumonia that triggers CAS, most notably M. pneumoniae . Various case reports have demonstrated that the hemolytic process resolves with the resolution of the infection in conjunction with supportive care, as demonstrated by Eldin et al and Kanagevelu et al [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Cold Agglutinin Syndrome Associated With Legionella Pneumonia

Shakfeh,

Shotande,

Mateja

2023

Cureus

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Cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is a rare subset of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and can be classified as either primary or secondary. Secondary cold agglutinin disease has been associated with both viral and bacterial pathogens with the most common bacterial pathogen being Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Legionella pneumonia is a well-known causative agent for community-acquired pneumonia that can lead to a severe disease requiring hospitalization that is rarely associated with AIHA. We highlight the importance of recognizing Legionella pneumonia as a causative pathogen for CAS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Cold Agglutinin Syndrome Associated With Legionella Pneumonia

Shakfeh,

Shotande,

Mateja

2023

Cureus

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“…Secondary CAS due to infections are typically polyclonal and transient, resolving with the resolution of the infection, spontaneously or with antibiotics if indicated [ 7 ]. Kanagavelu et al reported a case of mycoplasma-induced CAS that resolved completely after treatment of the underlying infection [ 2 ]. Our patient responded well to doxycycline and multiple pRBC transfusions, and her 2-week follow-up after discharge showed stable Hb and no evidence of hemolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two types are primary cold agglutinin disease (CAD) and secondary cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS), with the latter caused by underlying infections, autoimmune diseases, or malignancies [ 1 ]. Due to the potential for complications such as severe anemia and thrombosis, timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial [ 2 ]. This case report presents a challenging case of a young female with severe cAIHA, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for this rare and complex condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolytic Anemia in the Setting of Atypical Pneumonia: A Case of Cold Agglutinin Disease

Jalal Eldin,

Thomas,

Gibson

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia (cAHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of cold agglutinins. We present a case of secondary cAHA in a 23-year-old female with severe anemia and unexplained hemolysis. The patient exhibited findings indicative of hemolysis and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) with complement alone. Additional investigations revealed incidental lung infiltrates, negative serology for infections and autoimmune diseases, and a low cold agglutinin titer. The patient showed a favorable response to doxycycline and supportive therapy, including multiple packed red blood cell transfusions. At the two-week follow-up, the patient had a stable hemoglobin level with no evidence of ongoing hemolysis. This case highlights the importance of considering secondary cAHA in patients with cold symptoms or unexplained hemolysis. Primary cAHA patients may require more aggressive treatment, including rituximab and sutilumab.

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Laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children: a review

Gao,

Sun

2024

Annals of Medicine

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the cause of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and adolescents, with the clinical manifestations highlighted by intermittent irritating cough, accompanied by headache, fever and muscle pain. This paper aimed to study the research status and focal points in MP infection, especially the common laboratory diagnostic methods and clinical treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Laboratory diagnostic methods include molecular assay, serological antibody detection, rapid antigen detection and isolation and culture. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard with high sensitivity and specificity. The serological antibody can detect various immune antibodies qualitatively or quantitatively in serum. Rapid antigen can be detected faster, with no equipment environment requirements, which can be used for the early diagnosis of MP infection. While the culture growth cycle is long and insensitive, not recommended for routine diagnosis. Macrolides were the preferred drug for children with MPP, while the drug resistance rate was rising in China. Tetracycline can be substituted but was not recommended for children under 8 years of age, quinolone drugs are not necessary, severe MPP can be combined with glucocorticoids, involving the nervous or immune system can choose gamma globulin. Other treatments for MPP including symptomatic treatment which can alleviate symptoms, improve lung function and improve prognosis. A safe and effective vaccine needed to be developed which can provide protective immunity to children and will reduce the incidence of MPP.

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A Rare Case of Severe Hemolytic Anemia and Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

A Rare Case of Cold Agglutinin Syndrome Associated With Legionella Pneumonia

A Rare Case of Cold Agglutinin Syndrome Associated With Legionella Pneumonia

Hemolytic Anemia in the Setting of Atypical Pneumonia: A Case of Cold Agglutinin Disease

Laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children: a review

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