A rare cause of acute respiratory failure: spontaneous pneumomediastinum due to cocaine use

Abstract

Spontan pnömomediastinum, altta yatan pulmoner patoloji olmaksızın mediastende serbest hava olması olarak tanımlanır. Spontan mediastinum, nadir görülen bir klinik tablo olsa da sağlıklı genç bireylerde, ani plöretik göğüs ağrısının en sık nedenlerinden biridir. Kokain inhalasyonu, spontan pnömomediastinum gelişmesi ile de ilişkilidir. Bu yazıda, kokain kullanımına bağlı akut solunum yetmezliği ile acil servisimize sevk edilen spontan pnömomediastenli 20 yaşında erkek hasta sunuldu ve hastalığın etyolojisi, klinik prezentasyonu ve tedavisi değerlendirildi. Anah tar söz cük ler: Akut solunum yetmezliği; kokain; spontan pnömomediastinum. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as free air in mediastinum without any underlying pulmonary pathology. Although spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rarely seen clinical entity, it is one of the most common reasons of sudden pleuritic chest pain in healthy young individuals. Cocaine inhalation is also associated with the development of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Our case having spontaneous pneumomediastinum was referred to our emergency service with the complaint of acute respiratory failure due to cocaine abuse, and the etiology, clinical presentation and the treatment of the disease were evaluated in our study.

The Comparison of Therapeutic Approachs for Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum

“…2,5,6,8 SPM also develops in certain people who suffer from interstitial lung disease and people who use cocaine. 5,7,10,11 However, the precipitating factor cannot be determined in 8-54% of the cases. 10,12,13 In our study, we determined that SPM developed most frequently after an acute cough (27.27%), however, we were unable to determine the causative factor in 36% of cases.…”

Spontaneous Mediastinal Emphysema Associated with the Use of Synthetic Cannabinoid (Bonsai)

“…Drug use-related SME is known as a rare condition [1]. Drugs reported to date include ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine and cocaine [3,4].…”

Two unusual causes of a rare clinical entity: pneumomediastinum

“…It can be classified as spontaneous or idiopathic PM in which there is free air in the mediastinal cavity without a clear etiology or secondary or iatrogenic PM which occurs as a result of trauma, iatrogenic insults (endoscopic procedures, intubation, dental surgery), or other clinical conditions (parturition, intense vomiting, epileptic seizures, respiratory distress syndromes, barotraumas, asthma crises, or weightlifting). [1,2] Usually PM subsides with symptomatic treatment after a few days without causing clinical deterioration. However, the spreading of larger volumes of air into deeper spaces may sometimes cause serious complications.…”