A rare complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: post‐transplant erythrocytosis

Abstract

Post-transplant erythrocytosis is an infrequent complication and has been reported after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. The pre-disposing factors and treatment are not clearly defined. We present 11 post-transplant erythrocytosis cases. More studies should be conducted to distinguish the pathogenesis and follow-up for this rare complication.

A guideline for the management of specific situations in polycythaemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis

“…The incidence of post‐renal transplant erythrocytosis is between 5% and 20% and is decreasing (Kiberd, ). PTE also occurs in approximately 1% of patients after haematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (Ahmed et al , ; Atilla et al , ) and after combined pancreatic–renal transplant, with a reported incidence of 16% (Guerra et al , ).…”

“…The incidence of post-renal transplant erythrocytosis is between 5% and 20% and is decreasing (Kiberd, 2009). PTE also occurs in approximately 1% of patients after haematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (Ahmed et al, 2011;Atilla et al, 2016) and after combined pancreatic-renal transplant, with a reported incidence of 16% (Guerra et al, 2010). Post-transplant erythrocytosis following renal transplantation is a benign, often self-limiting condition which typically develops within the first year following transplantation, although it can occur at 2-4 years (Charfeddine et al, 2008;Kiberd, 2009).…”

“…Haematopoetic stem cell transplantation‐related erythrocytosis has been observed in about 1% of patients transplanted for aplastic anaemia but also in other conditions, including myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukaemia (Ahmed et al , ; Atilla et al , ). Patients who developed PTE did not have total body irradiation and were mostly men.…”

Erythrocytosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…We read with great interest the recent report by Atilla et al 1 showing posttransplant erythrocytosis (PTE) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Because the small number of cases has limited the impact of their conclusion, we would like to present the clinical features of our adult patients who developed erythrocytosis after allo-HSCT.…”

“…1 Interestingly, the primary diseases in the present study were only AA and MDS (RA), and no patients received chemotherapy before allo-HSCT.These results indicated that the mechanisms for development of PTE in allo-HSCT recipients likely differ from other transplant recipients, and some immunological mechanisms may affect PTE in allo-HSCT recipients. PTE following allo-HSCT is a rare complication, 1,4 and our small experience indicates the need for a larger series of patients to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of PTE in allo-HSCT recipients.…”