A rare manifestation of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterium

Abstract

Background Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome is a rare cause of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy that produce left ventricular dysfunction with characteristic left ventricular apical ballooning. It rarely caused by infection. We present an atypical manifestation of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection with myocardial involvement and its diagnostic challenge. Case illustration A 57-year-old female presented with prolonged fever, fatigue and weight loss for one and half months. General examination was unremarkable with elevated C-Reactive Protein and normal troponin. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed diffuse T wave inversion with prolonged QTc. Echocardiography showed hypokinetic apical with normal ejection fraction. Angiography showed patent coronary arteries. Ventriculography showed apical ballooning. Workup with ethambutol scan revealed active mycobacterial infection in both lung and mesentery. Sputum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for non-tuberculous mycobacterium. Follow up ECG and echocardiography showed improvement in QTc interval and left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Results Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy may manifest as asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction following non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. A thorough investigation will help identify the systemic disease with cardiac involvement which potentially could be fatal. Conclusion Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may be triggered by infection. Identification of causal is crucial as a management strategy to restore cardiac function.

Infections precipitating Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, an uncommon complication of a common infection

“…Haemophilus influenzae [20] L. pneumophila [22] Salmonella [22] Escherichia coli [6] Pseudomonas aeruginosa [6] Klebsiella pneumoniae [6] Klebsiella oxytoca [6] Francisella tularensis [23] Aeromonas hydrophila [6] Rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi [29] Miscellaneous bacteria Nocardia cyriacigeorgica [24] Acid fast stain Mycobacterium tuberculosis [10] Nontuberculous Mycobacterium [19] Viral Retrovirus HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) [11] DNA virus Cytomegalovirus [6] Hepatitis C [25] Parvovirus B19 [26] Herpes virus [6] Varicella zoster [7] RNA virus Influenza A * Influenza B [9] Dengue virus [8] Enterovirus [27] Hepatitis A [17] Norovirus [16] SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) [12] Fungal Candida glabrata [6] Cryptococcus neoformans [28] Parasites Protozoa Babesia [6] Helminth Paragonimiasis westermani [12] Taenia solium [6]…”