A Rare Type of Gerbode Defect

Panduranga, Prashanth; Mukhaini, Mohammed

doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01356.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Aetiologies of the LV-RA shunts were congenital in 32 (26.4%) cases [ 6 , 7 , 9 – 28 , 30 – 32 ], acquired in 88 (72.7%) cases [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 , 18 , 31 , 33 – 68 , 70 – 90 , 92 , 94 – 104 , 106 – 108 , 110 , 111 ] and unknown in 1 (0.8%) patient [ 112 ], respectively. A significant difference was noted in the percentages between congenital and acquired LV-RA shunts (χ 2 = 52.3, p < 0.0001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retrieval resulted in a collection of 111 articles [ 2 – 113 ], which included 77 (59.3%) case reports [ 3 , 5 – 7 , 9 , 12 – 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 – 23 , 25 – 28 , 30 , 33 , 35 – 37 , 39 , 42 , 44 – 54 , 57 , 59 – 61 , 63 – 67 , 71 , 76 – 80 , 82 , 84 – 89 , 92 – 97 , 99 – 107 , 110 – 112 ] (including 8 (7.4%) case reports in the name of “letter to the editor” [ 5 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 79 , 84 , 92 , 111 ]), 17 (17.6%) medical images [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 22 , 32 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 58 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 98 , 108 , 109 ], 5 (4.6%) case series [ 8 , 18 , 34 , 38 ...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Yuan¹

2014

pwki

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IntroductionCongenital left ventricular to right atrial (LV-RA) shunt (Gerbode defect) is rare, while acquired LV-RA shunt has been increasingly reported. As yet, systematically incorporated data of the LV-RA shunt have not been presented.AimTo present the clinical features, diagnostic challenge and management strategies of congenital and acquired LV-RA shunts.Material and methodsThe data source was based on a comprehensive literature retrieval of the LV-RA shunt in the period 1990–2013.ResultsIn comparison with the acquired Gerbode defect, the congenital Gerbode defect group of patients were younger and were associated more often with additional congenital disorders. Previous cardiac surgery and infective endocarditis were the two major aetiologies of the occurrence of the acquired shunts. Paravalvular abscess was associated in 10.2% and atrioventricular block in 13.6% of the acquired group patients. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed a higher diagnostic accuracy, lower missed diagnosis and lower inclusive diagnosis rates, in comparison to transthoracic echocardiography, but the misdiagnosis rates of the two modalities did not differ from each other. Four (4.5%) of the acquired group patients were complicated by atrioventricular block following surgical or interventional closure of the shunt. Eight (9.1%) patients died in the acquired group, but no patient died in the congenital group.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of an LV-RA shunt is quite challenging, especially in the context of coexisting abnormalities including an additional intracardiac shunt, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary artery hypertension and infective endocarditis, which have to be carefully differentiated from the shunt by further investigations. A better control of infective complications and careful manoeuvres during surgery may help to keep the LV-RA-sensitive septum intact.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Yuan¹

2014

pwki

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“…There is a similar report in which a small perimembranous VSD was completely covered by an elongated sail-like anterior tricuspid leaflet forming an aneurysm and directing the shunt into right atrium [10]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Presentation of Gerbode Defect in a 4-Month-Old Nigerian and a Review of the Literature

Otaigbe¹,

Orubide²

2013

Case Reports in Cardiology

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A Gerbode defect is a very rare congenital anomaly which presents as a direct or an indirect type. We report a 4 month old Nigerian child who presented with poor feeding and failure to thrive and whose echocardiography confirmed an indirect Gerbode with a direct left ventricle to right atrial shunt due to adherent leaflets of the tricuspid valve. This was confirmed by surgery done outside the country.

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“…An isolated defect in the atrioventricular membranous septum with a left-to-right shunt is known as a Gerbode defect (15,16) (Fig 10). In its congenital form, which is extremely rare, the atrioventricular defect is usually represented by a jet of blood flow directed through a cleft in the tricuspid valve.…”

Section: Membranous Septummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In its congenital form, which is extremely rare, the atrioventricular defect is usually represented by a jet of blood flow directed through a cleft in the tricuspid valve. An elongated sail-like anterior tricuspid leaflet in a perimembranous ventricular septal defect may form a tunnel to redirect shunt from the left ventricle into the right atrium (16). Acquired Gerbode defects have been described in patients after bacterial endocarditis, trauma, and aortic root surgery.…”

Section: Membranous Septummentioning

confidence: 99%

Septal Atrioventricular Junction Region: Comprehensive Imaging in Adults

Saremi¹,

Hassani²,

Sánchez‐Quintana³

2016

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The septal atrioventricular junction is a centrally located region of the heart where the septal components of the atria and ventricles meet the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves. Important structures in this region include the membranous septum, the central fibrous body, the Koch triangle, the inferior pyramidal space, and the base of the interventricular septum. This small area is the home of the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular conduction axis and has enormous importance to electrophysiologists owing to its prime role in the conduction system of the heart. The atrioventricular node lies within the triangle of Koch; and the atrioventricular bundle, or bundle of His, exits the atrioventricular node and penetrates the right fibrous trigone and runs underneath the membranous septum. The septal atrioventricular junction is a common location for intracardiac shunts such as membranous and perimembranous septal defects. Imaging classification of these defects can have important implications before surgical closure, because the atrioventricular conduction axis passes along the posteroinferior margin of most perimembranous defects. Extracardiac inflammatory and malignant pathologic conditions can extend from the mediastinum toward the inferior pyramidal space in this region through the epicardial fat planes. Although the anatomic structures are complicated, the components can be shown in exquisite detail with computed tomography (CT). In this review, the anatomic boundaries and important anatomic landmarks are examined with CT and magnetic resonance imaging. Also described are the anatomic variants of the membranous septum pertinent to percutaneous aortic valve implantation, the vascular anatomic variants, and commonly encountered pathologic conditions related to the septal atrioventricular junction. RSNA, 2016.

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A Rare Type of Gerbode Defect

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Rare Presentation of Gerbode Defect in a 4-Month-Old Nigerian and a Review of the Literature

Septal Atrioventricular Junction Region: Comprehensive Imaging in Adults

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