“…Having a quinoline pharmacophore on aminosteroid RM-581, we were interested in turning our anticancer agent into a fluorescent one (RM-581-Fluo; Figure ) by adding a small dimethyl amino group and using this opportunity to provide a new tool for RM-581 MoA studies. Also, considering the large number of quinoline-based anticancer agents, − a successful result could offer a relevant example for the use of such a fluorophore to support biological studies related to this class of pharmaceutical compounds.…”
RM-581 is an aminosteroid derivative comprised of a steroid core and a quinoline side chain showing potent cytotoxic activity on several types of cancer cells but for which the mechanism of action (MoA) remains to be fully elucidated. The opportunity to turn RM-581 into a fluorescent probe was explored because the addition of a N-dimethyl group was recently reported to induce fluorescence to quinoline derivatives. After the chemical synthesis of the N-dimethyl analogue of RM-581 (RM-581-Fluo), its fluorescent properties, as well as its cytotoxic activity in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, were confirmed. A cell imaging experiment in MCF-7 cells using confocal microscopy then revealed that RM-581-Fluo accumulated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as highlighted by its colocalization with an ER-Tracker dye. This work provides a new tool for RM-581 MoA investigations as well as being a relevant example of a tailor-made quinolone-fluorescent version of a bioactive molecule.
“…Having a quinoline pharmacophore on aminosteroid RM-581, we were interested in turning our anticancer agent into a fluorescent one (RM-581-Fluo; Figure ) by adding a small dimethyl amino group and using this opportunity to provide a new tool for RM-581 MoA studies. Also, considering the large number of quinoline-based anticancer agents, − a successful result could offer a relevant example for the use of such a fluorophore to support biological studies related to this class of pharmaceutical compounds.…”
RM-581 is an aminosteroid derivative comprised of a steroid core and a quinoline side chain showing potent cytotoxic activity on several types of cancer cells but for which the mechanism of action (MoA) remains to be fully elucidated. The opportunity to turn RM-581 into a fluorescent probe was explored because the addition of a N-dimethyl group was recently reported to induce fluorescence to quinoline derivatives. After the chemical synthesis of the N-dimethyl analogue of RM-581 (RM-581-Fluo), its fluorescent properties, as well as its cytotoxic activity in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, were confirmed. A cell imaging experiment in MCF-7 cells using confocal microscopy then revealed that RM-581-Fluo accumulated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as highlighted by its colocalization with an ER-Tracker dye. This work provides a new tool for RM-581 MoA investigations as well as being a relevant example of a tailor-made quinolone-fluorescent version of a bioactive molecule.
“…This field has been extensively reviewed by Huang. 82 Du reported a ratiometric fluorescent probe 83 for the detection of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) based on a quinoline derived fluorophore for imaging LAP on liver tumour cells. The probe contained a galactose moiety for targeting active tumours and a caged quinolone.…”
From a chemistry-based perspective, this review discusses the most recent advances in the field of substrate-based probes for the detection and analysis of proteolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo.
“…Various biomarkers fluctuate significantly with the progression of liver disease, which comprise proteins such as enzymes 24,25 and lectins; 26 reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as OH , ClO À , H 2 O 2 , etc. ; reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as ONOO À and NO; reactive sulfur species (RSS) containing H 2 S; and biological thiols such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and some metal ions.…”
The liver is the largest detoxification organ in the human body, with an array of functions that help support metabolism, immunity, digestion, and vitamin storage among other functions, maintaining the...
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