A rational design of functionalized black phosphorus cooperates with piperazine pyrophosphate to significantly suppress the fire hazards of polypropylene

Liu, Wei; Ding, Longlong; Wang, Lin; Zhang, Congwu; Yang, Weiye; Liu, Dongli; Gui, Zhilun; Hu, Weizhao

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137686

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The prevailing trend in commercial applications is the utilization of flame retardants that possess characteristics such as nontoxicity, low smoke emission, high efficiency, and free halogens . Phosphorus/nitrogen-based flame retardants (P/N-FRs) demonstrate exceptional flame retardancy through the synergistic interaction between phosphorus and nitrogen, enhancing both gas-phase and condensed-phase reactions. , Polyphosphazene derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent thermal stability and high limited oxygen index among these P/N-FRs . Unlike other phosphorus-containing flame retardants, which tend to produce significant smoke, hexachlorophosphazene usually reacts with compounds containing hydroxyl groups to form polyphosphazene, which has a higher phosphorus valence, so the main performance is a condensed phase flame retardant mechanism .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-Based Polyphosphazene-Functionalized Mxene Nanosheets for Polypropylene Composites with Improved Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy Applications

Liu,

Wang,

Ding

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Developing high-performance resins with exceptional thermal oxidation stability, flame retardancy, smoke release suppression, and mechanical properties is an important industrial challenge. However, current flame-retardant design strategies often compromise other composite material properties. Especially when using polyolefin, unsaturated polyester, and other noncharred materials, it is usually necessary to add large amounts of flame-retardant fillers. In this study, a nanosynergist (Ti 3 C 2 T x @PPD) for functionalizing Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets with boron-based polyphosphazene was designed and adopted for a piperazine pyrophosphate/polypropylene (PAPP/PP) system as an application example. By controlling the chemical environment of cyclotriphosphazene, the condensed phase characteristics of polyphosphazene were preserved, but also an atypical vapor phase flame-retardant mechanism was activated. The combination of P/N/B elements and Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibited excellent catalytic char-forming performance compared to others in the literature. Only 2% of incorporated Ti 3 C 2 T x @PPD reduced the total heat released from the composite by 66.3%, the total smoke released by 71.8%, and the fire growth index by 49.4%. The incorporation of Ti 3 C 2 T x @PPD inhibited deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composite. In addition, the pyrolysis path of Ti 3 C 2 T x was revealed under a special environment. This study lays the foundation for the functional design of Ti 3 C 2 T x nanomaterials that can be used in various applications that require high-performance resins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-Based Polyphosphazene-Functionalized Mxene Nanosheets for Polypropylene Composites with Improved Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy Applications

Liu,

Wang,

Ding

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The IFRS can achieve high flame retardancy at a relatively low addition amount 20–22 . Meanwhile, because of the advantages of the simple preparation method and the high flame retardancy of IFRS, the development of IFRS has attracted much attention in recent years 23–28 . In the developed IFRS, flame retardants containing N and P elements have been widely used 29–32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22] Meanwhile, because of the advantages of the simple preparation method and the high flame retardancy of IFRS, the development of IFRS has attracted much attention in recent years. [23][24][25][26][27][28] In the developed IFRS, flame retardants containing N and P elements have been widely used. [29][30][31][32] APP is a commonly used halogen-free flame retardant containing N and P elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the PAPP/MCA/APP intumescent flame retardant system in polypropylene

et al. 2023

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP), and melamine cyanurate (MCA) were used as raw materials to develop an intumescent flame retardant system (IFRS) for polypropylene (PP). The synergistic flame retardancy among APP, PAPP, and MCA was explored. The effect of the proportion of APP, PAPP, and MCA on the IFRS flame‐retardant performance was studied. For the range of samples tested, the IFRS with the proportion of PAPP, MCA, and APP at 4:1:7.5 showed the best flame retardancy. When the addition of PAPP/MCA/APP IFRS in PP was 20%, the prepared flame‐retardant PP composite (PP‐PMA‐3) passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the PP‐PMA‐3 total heat release (THR) decreased by 46.4% compared with PP‐0. Meanwhile, PAPP/MCA/APP IFRS showed good smoke suppression performance because the total smoke production (TSP) of PP‐PMA‐3 decreased by 65.0% compared with PP‐0. In addition, the high flame retardancy and the flame‐retardant mechanism of the prepared IFRS was explained.

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“…Figure30. Schematic diagram for the synthesis of BP@PPC and fabrication of BP@PPC/PAPP/PP composites[113]. Reprinted with permission from Ref [113]…”

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Research Progress on the Preparation Methods for and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Black Phosphorus and Black Phosphorus Nanosheets

Cao,

Lai,

Yang

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets are widely used in the flame retardant field because of their excellent properties, but the immature preparation methods have resulted in extremely high preparation cost, which greatly limits their development and application. In this paper, various preparation methods of black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets are described in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed in depth, the flame-retardant mechanism and application of black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets in flame retardants are discussed, and the subsequent development direction of black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets is proposed.

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A rational design of functionalized black phosphorus cooperates with piperazine pyrophosphate to significantly suppress the fire hazards of polypropylene

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Boron-Based Polyphosphazene-Functionalized Mxene Nanosheets for Polypropylene Composites with Improved Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy Applications

Boron-Based Polyphosphazene-Functionalized Mxene Nanosheets for Polypropylene Composites with Improved Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy Applications

Application of the PAPP/MCA/APP intumescent flame retardant system in polypropylene

Research Progress on the Preparation Methods for and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Black Phosphorus and Black Phosphorus Nanosheets

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