A (Re)defining moment for fear appeals: a comment on Kok et al. (2018)

Roberto, Anthony J.; Mongeau, Paul A.; Liu, Yanqin

doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1445546

Cited by 61 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…So, the commentators and ourselves agree that there are serious health problems, deserving of the most effective health communications we can develop; we agree that unless efficacy (i.e., both self-efficacy and response efficacy; see Roberto et al, 2018) is high, fear appeals have at best suboptimal effects and may even have null effects; and we agree that behaviour has many different determinants. Although this was not explicit from the debate, we assume that we all also agree that effective behaviour change interventions must target those determinants that most strongly predict the target behaviour, and they must do so with those behaviour change methods that have been empirically demonstrated to be effective in targeting these determinants.…”

Section: Building On Consensus: Designing the Most Effective Behavioumentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The core argument in our original article (Kok, Peters, Kessels, ten Hoor & Ruiter, 2018) was that without high efficacy (i.e., both high self-efficacy and high response efficacy; also see Roberto et al, 2018), threatening communication has no effect or may backfire. This thesis was heavily debated, yet a clear consensus also emerged.…”

Section: Consensus 2: the Relative Roles Of Threat And Efficacymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Towards consensus on fear appeals: a rejoinder to the commentaries on Kok, Peters, Kessels, ten Hoor, and Ruiter (2018)

Peters

Ruiter

Hoor

et al. 2018

Health Psychology Review

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We were faced with the considerable challenge of responding to so many commentaries. Therefore, this rejoinder has two parts. In this text, we will emphasise our common ground based on a number of major points that pervade across the commentaries, while we provide more comprehensive and detailed responses to each commentary in the supplementary file. 1 We feel it is time for the debate about fear appeal effectiveness to mature into a more collaborative effort for two reasons. First, this debate does not help in achieving our mutual goal: optimally effective behaviour change interventions. Second, while this debate revealed a number of fundamental disagreements (e.g., regarding what constitutes evidence), it also revealed substantial consensus: enough to build on going forward. Although our article concerns threatening communication in general and applies to all behaviours, the ensuing debate centred around the most ubiquitous instance of threatening communication: health communications on tobacco packaging. Presently, this space is used for pictorial warning labels, aiming to promote smoking cessation among smokers and discourage smoking initiation among vulnerable non-smokers, and many of the commentary authors are researchers who have conducted research on warning labels. Therefore, we will also use warning labels as an example; but note that the processing of threatening information is a characteristic of human psychology and so applies to all threatening communications. Consensus 1: the urgency of the problem First, the debate over fear appeal effectiveness made clear how committed all involved are to promoting the health of vulnerable populations. We all agree that current smokers and vulnerable ex-smokers deserve the best possible behaviour change interventions that our discipline of health psychology can devise. That consensus exists regarding this point may seem trivial, but we feel that it is important to keep in mind that we all want the same: promoting health.

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Section: Building On Consensus: Designing the Most Effective Behavioumentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Consensus 2: the Relative Roles Of Threat And Efficacymentioning

confidence: 96%

Towards consensus on fear appeals: a rejoinder to the commentaries on Kok, Peters, Kessels, ten Hoor, and Ruiter (2018)

Peters

Ruiter

Hoor

et al. 2018

Health Psychology Review

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“…These horror stories were recounted by the educators while they were teaching that exact skill/procedure to the paramedic. Threatening communication and fear appeal are two terms that have been used interchangeably in the literature, however a fear appeal is described as a persuasive message rather than a threat (32). The negative impact of the educational style experienced by some participants in this study is mirrored in other health and education literature (18,33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Facilitators, Barriers and Motivators of Paramedic Continuing Professional Development

Hobbs

Devenish

Long

et al. 2021

Australasian Journal of Paramedicine

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Introduction As registered health professionals, Australian paramedics are required to abide by professional registration standards including the maintenance of continuing professional development (CPD). The broader health literature identifies facilitators, barriers and motivators for engaging in CPD, however the body of knowledge specific to paramedicine is weak. This research seeks to address this gap in the paramedicine body of knowledge. Methods This study adopts a constructivist grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysed using first and second cycle coding techniques. Paramedics from various state-based Australasian ambulance services and private industry (N=10) discussed their experiences specific to their attitudes, perceptions and engagement about CPD. Results Paramedic CPD goes beyond the traditional approach to mandatory training. Paramedics are motivated by factors such as modality of delivery, professional expectations, clinical/professional improvement and, sometimes, fear. Facilitators included organisational support, improved clinical knowledge, practitioner confidence, self-directed learning opportunities and perceived relevance of content. Barriers include cost, workload/fatigue, location, rostering, lack of incentive to engage, lack of employer support and technological problems. Conclusion By understanding what facilitates or motivates engagement in CPD activities, paramedics can navigate their CPD in conjunction with regulatory requirements. Although paramedics report some similar experiences to other health professionals, there are nuances that appear specific to the discipline of paramedicine. Of interest, a unique finding related to fear influencing paramedic CPD engagement. The results of this study informs paramedic employers and paramedic CPD providers with insights to assist in the development of positive CPD experiences and interactions.

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“…Other studies have also shown ample evidence that fear appeal communications are applied differently and with outcomes that vary depending on the contexts and the contents, such as whether they are related to the prevention of deadly diseases, vaccination, or promotion of lifestyle changes [ 2 , [12] , [13] , [14] ]. Fear appeal communication is particularly common in public health issues such as pandemic outbreaks (due to its far-reaching impacts across the globe), and its application has stirred up public debates [ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of fear appeals for pandemic compliance: A systematic review of empirical measurement, fear appeal strategies and effectiveness

Mishi,

Mushonga,

Anakpo

2024

Heliyon

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A (Re)defining moment for fear appeals: a comment on Kok et al. (2018)

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Towards consensus on fear appeals: a rejoinder to the commentaries on Kok, Peters, Kessels, ten Hoor, and Ruiter (2018)

Towards consensus on fear appeals: a rejoinder to the commentaries on Kok, Peters, Kessels, ten Hoor, and Ruiter (2018)

Facilitators, Barriers and Motivators of Paramedic Continuing Professional Development

The use of fear appeals for pandemic compliance: A systematic review of empirical measurement, fear appeal strategies and effectiveness

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