“…12 A). The loaded small-molecule antioxidants can be divided into three categories: natural antioxidants (such as curcumin [ [221] , [222] , [223] , [224] , [225] ], silymarin [ [226] , [227] , [228] , [229] ], resveratrol [ 230 ], carvacrol [ 231 ], polydatin [ 232 ], carnosic acid [ 233 ], quercetin [ 234 , 235 ], and other compounds [ 231 , [236] , [237] , [238] , [239] , [240] , [241] , [242] , [243] , [244] , [245] , [246] , [247] , [248] , [249] , [250] , [251] , [252] ]), synthetic antioxidants (nitroxide 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, tempol [ [253] , [254] , [255] , [256] , [257] , [258] ]), and human endogenous antioxidants (melatonin [ 259 , 260 ], bilirubin [ 261 ], ubiquinone (CoQ10) [ 262 ], and carbon monoxide (CO) [ 263 ]) ( Fig. 12 B–C).…”