A Reactive Power Capacity Market Using Annual Auctions

Frías, Pablo; Gómez, T.; Soler, David

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2008.922650

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The objective function of SO Q procurement planning is characterized by finding the optimum combination of existing and new resources, each of which represented by cost functions. As already suggested by Frias, Gomez, and Soler (2008) and Haghighat, Cañizares, and Bhattacharya (2010) distortion of economic competition between resources and stakeholders should be avoided. Therefore, we consider the Q cost of all resources and stakeholders, irrespective of whether their service is remunerated today.…”

Section: Objective Function Of So Q Procurement Planningmentioning

confidence: 96%

Competitive cross‐voltage level procurement of reactive power considering reliable capacity from wind and photovoltaics

Kaempf

Ernst

Braun

2019

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Transition toward high shares of power production from wind and photovoltaics (PV) brings about a substantial increase in controllable reactive power (Q). The capability to provide Q independent of active power production (24/7) is available at comparably low or even zero investment cost. Yet, this capability is not required by network connection codes and only rarely utilized, even if available. In a first step, we take an overall economic perspective and review the economic competition of 24/7 Q provision from variable renewable power plants (VRPP) with alternative Q resources. Technical restrictions to be respected are discussed, as well as the reliability requirements related to investment-planning relevant Q provision. Competitiveness is significantly influenced by Q utilization rate and connecting voltage level. For practical implementation of 24/7 Q procurement from VRPP, its value needs to be assessed. We review possible approaches from overall economic perspective. We conclude that in operational decisions, VRPP Q should be valued at marginal cost, whereas in Q investment planning decisions, full cost should be considered. We derive the pros and cons of making 24/7 Q provision a mandatory part of network connection codes. For system operators (SOs) to integrate available capacity, regulatory acknowledgment of related revenue impact should be considered. We present possible solutions. Summarizing, the contribution presents the status quo in research on cross-voltage level, investment-relevant Q provision by VRPP. Using the presented methodology for value assessment, areas for further research are systematically pointed out. competitive, DSO, investment planning, procurement, reactive power, TSO | INTRODUCTIONThe reactive power (Q) procurement problem of system operators (SOs) consists of making available sufficient over-and underexcited Q resources at suitable locations in the electrical power system. We investigate this problem for systems with high share of variable renewable power plants (VRPP) based on wind and photovoltaics (PV). We focus on quasistationary Q provision in onshore systems. Reactive power injected at a specific node of a system influences local voltage. Taking a crossvoltage level approach, this also applies to the interfaces of different voltage levels. For example, the residual of Q from an medium voltage (MV) system will influence the voltage of the high voltage (HV) node it is connected to. Reactive power

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Section: Objective Function Of So Q Procurement Planningmentioning

confidence: 96%

Competitive cross‐voltage level procurement of reactive power considering reliable capacity from wind and photovoltaics

Kaempf

Ernst

Braun

2019

WIREs Energy & Environment

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“…Dai et al [13] have included the opportunity cost of dispatching reactive power from generators into OPF problem in order to obtain reactive power marginal price. In [14] a new design of reactive power capacity market based on annual auctions have been proposed to procure of the reactive power service. The authors in [15] have solved the reactive power pricing by considering the active and reactive power production costs of generators and capital cost of capacitors in the OPF problem to find reactive D-LMPs.…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic approach for active and reactive power management in distribution networks

Zubo

Mokryani

Rajamani

et al. 2017

2017 4th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

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“…While various demand side management programs have used to help frequency regulation [6], [7], voltage regulation and reactive power compensation traditionally do not involve end users as capacitor switching is done by regional grid operators [8]- [10]. However, recent studies have shown that the power electronics AC/DC inverters used for charging PEV batteries can potentially contribute to reactive power compensation and voltage regulation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, in the United States, as per the NERC Operating Policy -10 [17], only the reactive power provided by synchronous generators is considered as an ancillary service to receive financial compensation [8]. However, the reactive power market is foreseen to grow and become more diverse, mainly due to the increase in the number and capacity of PEVs and renewable energy sources connected to the grid [18]- [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEV-based combined frequency and voltage regulation for smart grid

Mohsenian‐Rad

Huang

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT)

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With the increasing popularity of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), they will be able to help the power grid by providing various ancillary services. In fact, recent studies have suggested that PEVs can participate in frequency regulation. In this paper, we consider offering both, i.e., combined, frequency and voltage regulation by PEVs. In this regard, we first investigate a set of constraints that need to be taken into account on PEVs' active and reactive power flow to offer ancillary services. Next, we formulate two joint optimization problems, based on different pricing and contract scenarios, that can be solved for optimal combined offering of frequency and voltage regulation by PEVs. They address both day-ahead command-based and day-ahead price-based models. Simulation results show that the proposed designs can benefit both users and utilities.

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A Reactive Power Capacity Market Using Annual Auctions

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Competitive cross‐voltage level procurement of reactive power considering reliable capacity from wind and photovoltaics

Competitive cross‐voltage level procurement of reactive power considering reliable capacity from wind and photovoltaics

Stochastic approach for active and reactive power management in distribution networks

PEV-based combined frequency and voltage regulation for smart grid

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