“…also Coleman, 1934). These studies (Bond, 1930;Crider, 1932;Greenup & Segel, 1929;Pargment, 1927;Young & Vander Beke, 1926;Young & Daus, 1928) exemplify much more sophisticated approaches to experimental design, procedures, and statistical analysis than those of the previous decade. Although one could quibble with the reliability of their designs and findings (see comments in the final section on methodology), there unfolds a fairly clear tendency that more effective programs, as measured by achievement on locally designed tests, employed more oral work and meaningful reading instead of the grammar-translation approach.…”