A reagin-like antibody in horse serum: 1. Occurrence and some biological properties

Matthews, A. G.; Imlah, P.; McPherson, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02214891

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Skin diseases such as equine summer eczema are believed to be of allergic origin because of typical, seasonal recurrent clinical signs and immediate skin reactions induced by intradermal testing with allergen extracts [4,13,27]. By assuming analogy to molecular mechanisms of human allergy and atopic disease, it has been concluded that IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of equine summer eczema [3,19,33]. However, the direct impact of IgE-mediated mechanisms in the disease had not previously been shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-In horses, allergies have been characterized by clinical signs and/or intradermal (i.d.) allergen testing. Our aim was to find the first direct evidence that immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediates equine allergy. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that immediate skin reactions in horses can also be mediated by IgG. Anti-IgE affinity columns were used to purify IgE from serum of one healthy horse and three horses affected with summer eczema, an allergic dermatitis which is believed to be induced by Culicoides midges. A modified Prausnitz-Küstner experiment was performed in four clinical healthy horses by i.d. injection of the purified serum IgE antibodies. The following day, Culicoides allergen was injected at the same sites. Skin reactions were not observed in response to allergen alone, and in two horses after stimulation at any previous IgE injection site. However, the other two horses showed an immediate skin reaction at the previous injection sites of IgE obtained from allergic horses. In addition, purified monoclonal antibodies to various equine immunoglobulin isotypes were injected i.d. into six healthy horses. Immediate skin reactions were observed in response to anti-IgE (6/6 horses) and anti-IgG(T) injections (5/6 horses). The specificities of both antibodies for IgE and IgG(T), respectively, were confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. The results provide the first direct evidence that IgE mediates classical Type-I allergy in horses and plays a major role in the pathogenesis of summer eczema. The data also suggest that IgG(T) can bind to skin mast cells and might contribute to clinical allergy.horse / allergy / summer eczema / IgE / IgG

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various studies have demonstrated that IgE antibodies (van der Haegen et al 2001;Wilson et al 2001) and IgE-mediated reactions Mathews et al 1983;Halldorsdottir et al 1989;Fadok and Greiner 1990;Fadok and Foil 1990;Anderson et al 1993) are often involved in the pathogenesis of IBH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an in vitro sulphidoleukotriene release test for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Baselgia¹,

Doherr²,

Mellor

et al. 2006

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Reasons for performing study: Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE‐mediated allergic dermatitis caused by bites of Culicoides and Simulium species, and improved means of diagnosis are required. Objectives: The cellular antigen simulation test (CAST®) with C. nubeculosus and S. vittatum extracts was assessed in a population of IBH‐affected and healthy horses. Variations in test results over a one year period and possible cross‐reactivity between different insect extracts was studied. Methods: A total of 314 mature horses were studied using the CAST. Influence of severity of clinical signs, gender and age were evaluated, and 32 horses were tested repeatedly over one year. The kappa reliability test was used to assess agreement of the test results with different insect extracts. Results: Horses with IBH had significantly higher sLT release than controls with C. nubeculosus and S. vittatum. The highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity levels were attained when using adult C. nubeculosus extracts with the CAST (78% and 97%, respectively), suggesting that most horses with IBH are sensitised against Culicoides allergens. A proportion of IBH‐affected horses was found to be sensitised to allergens of Simulium spp. in addition to those of C. nubeculosus. The CAST with C. nubeculosus had positive and negative predictive values ≥80% for a true prevalence of IBH of 12–52%. In the follow‐up study, the proportion of IBH‐affected horses with a positive test result ranged from 90% in November to 68% in March. Severity of clinical signs or age did not influence test results significantly. However, IBH‐affected males achieved significantly more positive test results than IBH‐affected females. Conclusions: The CAST with adult C. nubeculosus has high specificity and good sensitivity for diagnosis of IBH. Horses with IBH are mainly sensitised to Culicoides allergens, and some horses are additionally also sensitised to allergens in Simulium spp. Potential relevance: The CAST is likely to be a useful test for diagnosis of IBH, even allowing the identification of IBH‐affected but asymptomatic horses. This test may also help in further characterisation of allergens involved in this condition.

show abstract

“…The original description of this condition as an allergic response to the bites of Culicoides spp. was made 60 years ago in Australia by Riek (58,59); the presence of a reagenic antibody specific for Culicoides antigens was subsequently demonstrated in serum of affected horses (60). During the ensuing decades, several studies in diverse continents replicated these findings and hypersensitivity of horses to Culicoides bites became recognized as one of the commonest skin conditions to affect horses worldwide (48,52,(61)(62)(63)(64)(65).…”

Section: Insect Bite Hypersensitivitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Immune responses to ectoparasites of horses, with a focus on insect bite hypersensitivity

Wilson

2014

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Horses are affected by a wide variety of arthropod ectoparasites, ranging from lice which spend their entire life on the host, through ticks which feed over a period of days, to numerous biting insects that only transiently visit the host to feed. The presence of ectoparasites elicits a number of host responses including innate inflammatory responses, adaptive immune reactions and altered behaviour; all of which can reduce the severity of the parasite burden. All of these different responses are linked through immune mechanisms mediated by mast cells and IgE antibodies which have an important role in host resistance to ectoparasites, yet immune responses also cause severe pathological reactions. One of the best described examples of such pathological sequelae is insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) of horses; an IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity to the salivary proteins of Culicoides spp. associated with T-helper-2 production of IL4 and IL13. Importantly, all horses exposed to Culicoides have an expanded population of Culicoides antigen-specific T cells with this pattern of cytokine production, but in those which remain healthy, the inflammatory reaction is tempered by the presence of FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells that express IL10 and TGF-beta, which suppresses the IL4 production by Culicoides antigen-activated T cells.

show abstract

A reagin-like antibody in horse serum: 1. Occurrence and some biological properties

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse

IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse

Evaluation of an in vitro sulphidoleukotriene release test for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses

Immune responses to ectoparasites of horses, with a focus on insect bite hypersensitivity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About