A real-time assessment of interpersonal complementarity

Markey, Patrick M.; Lowmaster, Sara E.; Eichler, Wendy

doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01249.x

Cited by 65 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Past research has demonstrated that these global ratings have strong reliability (Markey et al, 2010;Sadler et al, 2009). The present data are limited for assessing such reliability because of the small number of cases (six targets); however, it is reassuring that Cronbach's alpha, calculated by treating raters as items, yielded values of .80 (affiliation) and .95 (control).…”

Section: Final Joystick Datamentioning

confidence: 97%

Momentary assessment of interpersonal process in psychotherapy.

Thomas¹,

Hopwood²,

Woody³

et al. 2014

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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To demonstrate how a novel computer joystick coding method can illuminate the study of interpersonal processes in psychotherapy sessions, we applied it to Shostrom's (1966) well-known films in which a client, Gloria, had sessions with 3 prominent psychotherapists. The joystick method, which records interpersonal behavior as nearly continuous flows on the plane defined by the interpersonal dimensions of control and affiliation, provides an excellent sampling of variability in each person's interpersonal behavior across the session. More important, it yields extensive information about the temporal dynamics that interrelate clients' and therapists' behaviors. Gloria's 3 psychotherapy sessions were characterized using time-series statistical indices and graphical representations. Results demonstrated that patterns of within-person variability tended to be markedly asymmetric, with a predominant, set-point-like interpersonal style from which deviations mostly occurred in just 1 direction (e.g., occasional submissive departures from a modal dominant style). In addition, across each session, the therapist and client showed strongly cyclical variations in both control and affiliation, and these oscillations were entrained to different extents depending on the therapist. We interpreted different patterns of moment-to-moment complementarity of interpersonal behavior in terms of different therapeutic goals, such as fostering a positive alliance versus disconfirming the client's interpersonal expectations. We also showed how this method can be used to provide a more detailed analysis of specific shorter segments from each of the sessions. Finally, we compared our approach to alternative techniques, such as act-to-act lagged relations and dynamic systems and pointed to a variety of possible research and training applications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

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Section: Final Joystick Datamentioning

confidence: 97%

Momentary assessment of interpersonal process in psychotherapy.

Thomas¹,

Hopwood²,

Woody³

et al. 2014

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…In the clinical context, CAID has recently been used to link affiliation and dominance with outcomes during psychotherapy (Sadler, Woody, McDonald, Lizdek, & Little, 2015; Thomas et al, 2014). It has also informed a number of findings linking complementarity with particular relationship outcomes (e.g., Markey, Lowmaster, & Eichler, 2010). According to interpersonal theory, complementarity should be linked with increased relationship satisfaction and positive outcomes (Kiesler, 1996; Sadler et al, 2011), and a number of empirical findings offer support for this tenet (e.g., Markey and Markey, 2007).…”

Section: Continuous Assessment Of Interpersonal Dynamics (Caid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentary patterns of covariation between specific affects and interpersonal behavior: Linking relationship science and personality assessment.

Ross¹,

Girard²,

Wright³

et al. 2017

Psychological Assessment

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Relationships are among the most salient factors affecting happiness and wellbeing for individuals and families. Relationship science has identified the study of dyadic behavioral patterns between couple members during conflict as an important window in to relational functioning with both short-term and long-term consequences. Several methods have been developed for the momentary assessment of behavior during interpersonal transactions. Among these, the most popular is the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF), which organizes social behavior into a set of discrete behavioral constructs. This study examines the interpersonal meaning of the SPAFF codes through the lens of interpersonal theory, which uses the fundamental dimensions of Dominance and Affiliation to organize interpersonal behavior. A sample of 67 couples completed a conflict task, which was video recorded and coded using SPAFF and a method for rating momentary interpersonal behavior, the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID). Actor partner interdependence models in a multilevel structural equation modeling framework were used to study the covariation of SPAFF codes and CAID ratings. Results showed that a number of SPAFF codes had clear interpersonal signatures, but many did not. Additionally, actor and partner effects for the same codes were strongly consistent with interpersonal theory’s principle of complementarity. Thus, findings reveal points of convergence and divergence in the two systems and provide support for central tenets of interpersonal theory. Future directions based on these initial findings are discussed.

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“…Participants may have selected others they could be agreeable with during a meal to have a more pleasant experience; behaving agreeably is usually associated with a more positive mood state [29]. Moreover, as agreeableness tends to evoke agreeableness in others [30][31][32], greater agreeableness by the participants during their meals suggests that their interaction partners were also more agreeable during these meals. Consistent with these ideas, participants reported more pleasant affect and perceived their partners as more affiliative during a meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Eating a meal is associated with elevations in agreeableness and reductions in dominance and submissiveness

Rot

Moskowitz

Hsu

et al. 2015

Physiology & Behavior

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Many studies have shown that having a meal together with others increases food intake. In contrast, the effects of having a meal on interactions with others have rarely been examined. More specifically, it is unknown if having a social interaction during a meal alters how people feel, behave, and perceive others. In the present study, 98 working individuals provided information on their everyday social interactions over a three-week period by filling in a form soon after each interaction. Record forms included items representing mood state, interpersonal behaviors, and perceptions of interaction partners. Participants also indicated whether interactions took place during a meal. Engaging in an interaction that involved eating a meal was associated with decreased alertness and, particularly in women, with increased pleasant affect, compared to interactions that did not involve eating a meal. Independently of this, during a meal participants reported fewer dominant and submissive behaviors and more agreeable behaviors, and also perceived interaction partners as more agreeable. These results were largely independent of contextual factors such as the gender and role of the primary social interaction partner, the presence of multiple partners, and the location of the interaction. Overall, social interactions during a meal were more positive in terms of how people felt, behaved, and perceived others. At the same time, agentic behaviors were reduced. These results suggest that shared meals are events in which affiliative bonds are strengthened in the context of weakened displays of hierarchy.

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A real-time assessment of interpersonal complementarity

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

Momentary assessment of interpersonal process in psychotherapy.

Momentary assessment of interpersonal process in psychotherapy.

Momentary patterns of covariation between specific affects and interpersonal behavior: Linking relationship science and personality assessment.

Eating a meal is associated with elevations in agreeableness and reductions in dominance and submissiveness

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