A real-time Ethernet prototype platform for automotive applications

Müller, Kai; Steinbach, Till; Korf, Franz; Schmidt, Thomas C.

doi:10.1109/icce-berlin.2011.6031866

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…13 shows worst case VEGa latency compared with existing work in the literature, in the absence of cross traffic. As observed, our architecture outperforms gateway structures based on software-based approaches (Lim et al [23] {simulation results}, Kim et al [20], Yang et al [18], and Müller et al [22]) and FPGA-based gateways for traditional networks (Sander et al [5]). The proposed architecture also provides over 300× lower latency (priority mode, 8-byte message) than automotive-grade microcontroller-based gateways between traditional networks (LIN, CAN, and Atacama [7] Inter-domain Priority [23] Inter-domain Priority [20] FlexRay-CAN [18] Time-triggered [22] Latency (µs) Fig.…”

Section: Evaluating Vegasupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Many papers describe gateway architectures without reporting key performance parameters like end-to-end latency measured through experiments. Processor-based gateway architectures that incorporate Ethernet have also been discussed in the literature [20], [21], [22]. Evaluations show that this approach cannot provide reliable and efficient switching at full throughput with large payload sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VEGa: A High Performance Vehicular Ethernet Gateway on Hybrid FPGA

Shreejith

Mundhenk

Ettner

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Comput.

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Section: Evaluating Vegasupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGa: A High Performance Vehicular Ethernet Gateway on Hybrid FPGA

Shreejith

Mundhenk

Ettner

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Comput.

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“…Compared with the precision of the software implementation (approx. 1 μs jitter) implemented in previous work [7], the timing accuracy could be improved by 10 times with the hardware co-processor. …”

Section: A Time-triggered Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work, the challenges of a pure software stack for time-triggered communication on microcontrollers was shown [7]. The implementation based on a system-on-chip (SoC) design with hardware timestamping uses a fixed-point timer with a resolution of 10 ns for the scheduling.…”

Section: Previous and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A hardware/software co-design approach for Ethernet controllers to support time-triggered traffic in the upcoming IEEE TSN standards

Gross

Steinbach

Korf

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)

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Due to the increasing bandwidth and timing requirements, next generation communication backbones in cars will most likely base on real-time Ethernet variants that satisfy the demands of the new automotive applications. The upcoming IEEE 802.1Qbv standard shows communication approaches based on coordinated time devision multiple access (TDMA) to be good candidates for providing communication with determinism and highly precise timing. Implementing time-triggered architectures in software requires significant development effort and computational power.This paper shows a scalable HW/SW co-design approach for new real-time Ethernet controllers based on the partitioning into communication and application components. The tasks required for communication are divided: Time-critical and computationally intensive parts are realised in dedicated hardware modules allowing the attached CPU to fulfil the timing requirements of the automotive application without interference. The evaluation using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based prototype implementation shows that the precision for the timetriggered transmission and the performance of the proposed implementation of the required synchronisation protocols satisfies the requirements of applications in the automotive domain.

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Simulation of Mixed Critical In-Vehicular Networks

Meyer

Korf

Steinbach

et al. 2019

Recent Advances in Network Simulation

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Future automotive applications ranging from advanced driver assistance to autonomous driving will largely increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data flows of high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in particular many additional communication relations will introduce a new level of complexity to the in-car communication system. It is expected that future communication backbones which interconnect sensors and actuators with Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in cars will be built on Ethernet technologies. However, signalling from different application domains demands for network services of tailored attributes, including real-time transmission protocols as defined in the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Ethernet extensions. These Quality of Service (QoS) constraints will increase network complexity even further. Event-based simulation is a key technology to master the challenges of an in-car network design. This chapter introduces the domainspecific aspects and simulation models for in-vehicular networks and presents an overview of the car-centric network design process. Starting from a domain specific description language, we cover the corresponding simulation models with their workflows and apply our approach to a related case study for an in-car network of a premium car.The automotive market is growing in demand for innovative driver assistance systems, as well as highly automated or even autonomous driving units. In-vehicular communication networks that connect sensors and actuators with Electronic Control Units (ECUs) contribute the basis to these distributed, safety-critical, and highly complex systems. Consequently, their architecture and design are playing an increasingly important role. As of today, in-car communication concepts fall short in meeting the emerging requirements of future driving systems.High bandwidth demands from distributed visual sensors-the raw data fusion of laser scanners and cameras for example-exceed the capacities of current data transmission systems by more than an order of magnitude. For example a low resolution camera stream of 7 Mbit/s already exceeds CAN's 0.5 Mbit/s 14 times. An increasing number of vehicular safety functions pose strict redundancy or quality of service requirements such as latency and jitter. With respect to this growing heterogeneity, current automotive communication architectures and technologies reach their limits. With timing and bandwidth aspects in mind, communication techniques that provide a wide range of real-time communication services are needed. Due to its high data capacities, its low cost of commodity components, and its large flexibility in terms of protocols and topologies, switched Ethernet is a promising candidate to overcome the challenges of future in-car networks [15].Communication architectures of today's vehicles are composed of different domainspecific technologies such as Controller Area Network (CAN), FlexRay, Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) [19]. Crossdomain communication is ena...

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A real-time Ethernet prototype platform for automotive applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

VEGa: A High Performance Vehicular Ethernet Gateway on Hybrid FPGA

VEGa: A High Performance Vehicular Ethernet Gateway on Hybrid FPGA

A hardware/software co-design approach for Ethernet controllers to support time-triggered traffic in the upcoming IEEE TSN standards

Simulation of Mixed Critical In-Vehicular Networks

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