A Real-Time Measurement System for Long-Life Flood Monitoring and Warning Applications

Marin-Perez, Rafael; García-Pintado, Javier; Skarmeta-Gómez, Antonio F.

doi:10.3390/s120404213

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The peaks of both the simulated and the observed NO3-N loads in the Albujon wadi occur during extreme precipitation events (storms), as a result of increased surface and subsurface runoff from the agricultural fields. The relationship between nitrogen enrichment and agriculture has been discussed in Lloret et al [20] and Salas et al [39], and also demonstrated by means of sampling in various studies on the Mar Menor and its catchment (e.g., [17,40]), and could also be nicely reproduced by our model.…”

Section: Model Performancesupporting

confidence: 62%

Combined Impacts of Medium Term Socio-Economic Changes and Climate Change on Water Resources in a Managed Mediterranean Catchment

Stefanova

Hesse

Krysanova

2015

Water

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Abstract:Climate projections agree on a dryer and warmer future for the Mediterranean. Consequently, the region is likely to face serious problems regarding water availability and quality in the future. We investigated potential climate change impacts, alone (for three scenario periods) and in combination with four socio-economic scenarios (for the near future) on water resources in a Mediterranean catchment, whose economy relies on irrigated agriculture and tourism. For that, the Soil and Water Integrated Model (SWIM) was applied to the drainage area of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon, using a set of 15 climate scenarios and different land use maps and management settings. We assessed the long-term average seasonal and annual changes in generated runoff, groundwater recharge and actual evapotranspiration in the catchment, as well as on water inflow and nutrients input to the lagoon. The projected average annual changes in precipitation are small for the first scenario period, and so are the simulated impacts on all investigated components, on average. The negative trend of potential climate change impacts on water resources (i.e., decrease in all analyzed components) becomes pronounced in the second and third scenario periods. The applied socio-economic scenarios intensify, reduce or even reverse the climate-induced impacts, depending on the assumed land use and management changes. OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 1539

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Section: Model Performancesupporting

confidence: 62%

Combined Impacts of Medium Term Socio-Economic Changes and Climate Change on Water Resources in a Managed Mediterranean Catchment

Stefanova

Hesse

Krysanova

2015

Water

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“…While there are recent advances in low-cost telemetered networks for long-life flood monitoring and warning applications, oriented to be deployed over large areas (e.g., Marín-Pérez et al, 2012), the actual number of operational gauges is actually declining in the world (Vörösmarty et al, 2001). On the other hand, in recent times, the technology of earth observation (EO) has begun to be adopted to improve flood visualization and reduce flood modeling uncertainties (e.g., Raclot, 2006, Mason et al, 2010a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-supported flood forecasting in river networks: A real case study

García-Pintado

Mason

Dance

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrology

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s u m m a r ySatellite-based (e.g., Synthetic Aperture Radar [SAR]) water level observations (WLOs) of the floodplain can be sequentially assimilated into a hydrodynamic model to decrease forecast uncertainty. This has the potential to keep the forecast on track, so providing an Earth Observation (EO) based flood forecast system. However, the operational applicability of such a system for floods developed over river networks requires further testing. One of the promising techniques for assimilation in this field is the family of ensemble Kalman (EnKF) filters. These filters use a limited-size ensemble representation of the forecast error covariance matrix. This representation tends to develop spurious correlations as the forecast-assimilation cycle proceeds, which is a further complication for dealing with floods in either urban areas or river junctions in rural environments. Here we evaluate the assimilation of WLOs obtained from a sequence of real SAR overpasses (the X-band COSMO-Skymed constellation) in a case study. We show that a direct application of a global Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) suffers from filter divergence caused by spurious correlations. However, a spatially-based filter localization provides a substantial moderation in the development of the forecast error covariance matrix, directly improving the forecast and also making it possible to further benefit from a simultaneous online inflow error estimation and correction. Additionally, we propose and evaluate a novel along-network metric for filter localization, which is physically-meaningful for the flood over a network problem. Using this metric, we further evaluate the simultaneous estimation of channel friction and spatially-variable channel bathymetry, for which the filter seems able to converge simultaneously to sensible values. Results also indicate that friction is a second order effect in flood inundation models applied to gradually varied flow in large rivers. The study is not conclusive regarding whether in an operational situation the simultaneous estimation of friction and bathymetry helps the current forecast. Overall, the results indicate the feasibility of standalone EO-based operational flood forecasting.

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“…The need to monitor river flows and water quality to assist in balancing the competing needs for river water has resulted in many technological advances to acquire information rapidly on river discharge, rainfall, abstraction rates, and water chemistry . Flow, rainfall, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and even some abstraction data are monitored continuously in many rivers and often telemetered directly back to the appropriate environment agencies in near real time . Satellites, drones and aircraft are also increasingly being used for collection of even more data .…”

Section: The Solution?mentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental crisis: science has failed; let us send in the machines

Death

2015

WIREs Water

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The ecological condition of the world's waterways continues to decline under increasing pollution, human land use intensification, and/or demand for water abstraction. This is occurring despite the fact that freshwater ecologists and other water scientists have been investigating these environmental concerns for many years. Freshwater science has made considerable advances understanding the causes of this ecological decline, but we still appear to be further from halting that decline than ever before. Perhaps the scientific solutions are clear but political, social, legal or economic constraints intervene? Irrespective of the reasons, in my opinion freshwater science is failing to deal effectively with this environmental crisis. I believe that artificial intelligence devices and machine learning software may offer potential for dealing with the environmental crisis facing the world's freshwater. There are numerous, free and easy to use software packages that would enable freshwater ecologists to better understand some of the complex, nonlinear relationships in their data, and to potentially make better predictions about the effects of stressors and/or how best to mitigate them. I see a not too distant future where these devices will take over direct management of river reaches to hopefully provide more effective balancing of economic and environmental needs for water. I would like to encourage more scientists to embrace the ease and power of machine learning as a way to better interpret collected data, or at least provide an alternative perspective that may prove useful. WIREs Water 2015, 2:595–600. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1102 This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Methods

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A Real-Time Measurement System for Long-Life Flood Monitoring and Warning Applications

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Combined Impacts of Medium Term Socio-Economic Changes and Climate Change on Water Resources in a Managed Mediterranean Catchment

Combined Impacts of Medium Term Socio-Economic Changes and Climate Change on Water Resources in a Managed Mediterranean Catchment

Satellite-supported flood forecasting in river networks: A real case study

An environmental crisis: science has failed; let us send in the machines

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