A reappraisal of structured analysis

Abstract

We review Structured Analysis as presented by Yourdon and DeMarco. First, we examine the implicit assumptions embodied in the method about the nature of organizations, work processes, and design. Following this we present the results of an exploratory study, conducted to find out how the method is applied in practice. This study reveals that while some of the tools of Structured Analysis—notably the data flow diagrams—are used and combined with other tools, the designers do not follow the analysis and design procedures prescribed by the method. Our findings suggest that there is a gap between the way systems development is portrayed in the normative technical literature and the way in which it is carried out.

The Sensemaking-Coevolution-Implementation Theory of software design

“…Many practitioners do not use methods as prescribed (Bansler and Bødker 1993;Mathiassen and Purao 2002;Parnas and Clements 1986). …”

“…However, the Waterfall Model has been extensively criticized as harmful (Brooks 2010;McCracken and Jackson 1982) and incommensurate with observed development practice (Bansler and Bødker 1993;Checkland 1999;Cross et al 1992;Hartmann 2006;Ralph 2010a;Standish Group 2006;Truex et al 2000;Zheng et al 2011). …”

“…However, it appears inconsistent with software development practice (Bansler and Bødker 1993;Checkland 1999;Cross et al 1992;Hartmann 2006;Ralph 2010a;Standish Group 2006;Truex et al 2000;Zheng et al 2011). To be clear, however, as it was devised to explain engineering design it can hardly be faulted for not accurately explaining software design.…”

Collaborative Practice Research

“…The researchers observe and interpret the actions and beliefs of practitioners and the practitioners do not take active part in the research process. Most of the empirical literature on systems development is based on practice studies (e.g., Aaen et al 991;Bansler and B0dker 1993;Benbasat, Dexter, and Mantha 1980;Boehm and Papaccio 1988;Boland and Day 1982;Ciborra and Lanzara 1994;Curtis, Krasner, and Iscoe 1988;Elam et al 1987;Gould and Lewis 1985;Kozar 1993;Krasner, Curtis, and Iscoe 1987;Madabusyhi, Jones and Price 1993;Markus 1983;McKeen 1983;Necco, Gordon, and Tsai 1987;Stolterman 1992;Tan 1994;Waltz, Elam, and Curtis 1993;White 1984;White and Leifer 1986).…”

“…In addition, we find a more specialised discussion of approaches to systems development research (Basili and Weiss 1984;Basili, Selby, and Hutchens 1986;Cotterman and Senn 1992;Nunamaker, Chen and Purdin 1991;Wynekoop and Russo 1993).…”