A reappraisal of the prevalence of pediatric hypertension through a nationwide database in Taiwan

Hsu, Wan-Fu; Kao, Yi-Wei; Chen, Mingchih; Chiang, Huei-Chen; Chen, Shih-Yen; Lu, Meng-Che; Shia, Ben‐Chang; Hsieh, Kai-Sheng

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84001-6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study reports that by both guidelines 17.0% and 22.0% of boys and 5.3% and 7.5% of girls have abnormal BP, and the prevalence of HTN is 0.4% and 1.5% among girls and 3.2% and 6.5% of boys in Ukraine. We confirmed that boys are generally 3 times more predisposed to abnormal BP, which is close to the results of other studies [15,18,20]. Sebekova et al, based on survey data from 2543 Slovak students of secondary schools aged from 16 to 23 years, showed that 15% of males and 4% of females presented high normal BP whilst 9% and 1%, respectively, had hypertension [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The prevalence of high BP varies widely across worldwide studies (range 0.6-25.1%) performed at different times, in different manners, age groups, and populations of children and adolescents. For instance, the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in Lithuanian adolescents aged 12-15 years is 12.8% and 22.2%, respectively [15], in 9-13-yearold Greek schoolchildren it is 14.2% and 23%, respectively [16], in Portuguese children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years it is 21.6% and 12.8%, respectively [17] and in 10-18-year-old Polish schoolchildren it is 6.6% and 8.9%, respectively [18], while in the US paediatric population HTN has been estimated to affect from 0.1% to 0.3% of children aged 3-17 years [19] and 0.19 to 0.38 per 1000 children in Taiwan [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of arterial hypertension among Ukrainian students: the comparison of European and American guidelines

Furdela¹,

Pavlyshyn²,

Kovalchuk³

et al. 2022

pedm

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Introduction: Arterial hypertension (HTN) among children is progressively increasing. These concerns have led to an update of the guidelines about childhood hypertension by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) in 2016 and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2017, and their thresholds for HTN differ. The current research aims to compare the prevalence of hypertension in Ukrainian teenagers using 2 different guidelines and to check the impact of gender, age, and excess weight on hypertension. Material and methods:The sample includes 540 Ukrainian students of 2 secondary urban schools, aged 10-17 years. Blood pressure and anthropometrical measurements were taken and compared with percentile tables. Results: The prevalence of abnormal BP (11.3% and 15.2%) and HTN (1.9% and 4.1%) was determined with ESH and AAP guidelines, respectively, and they strongly depended on which definitions and criteria were used. Boys were much more predisposed to abnormal BP. Comparing both guidelines, there was no significant difference in HTN prevalence in children aged 10-12 years; nevertheless, AAP recognized HTN almost twice as often in teenagers aged ≥ 13 years. Excess body weight was identified in 17.2% of the school-age children, twice as frequently as in males. Conclusions:The results have shown a higher prevalence of HTN in teenagers and children with excessive weight more significant in boys and between children with positive markers of abdominal obesity due to both guidelines, without a significant difference in prevalence after re-classification; however, AAP recommendations might be preferable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of arterial hypertension among Ukrainian students: the comparison of European and American guidelines

Furdela¹,

Pavlyshyn²,

Kovalchuk³

et al. 2022

pedm

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show abstract

“…Hypertension may be underestimated in EHR systems when BP is not monitored or when patients are not followed up in the given EHR system. However, our study results suggested that the burden of pediatric hypertension was approximately two-fold higher than that in a population-based study using ICD-9 codes that define hypertension between 2000 and 2013 in Taiwanese youths [27]. These results suggest that pediatric hypertension is underdiagnosed and underestimated in Taiwan.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Guideline-Adherent Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Multi-Institutional Database Analysis from Taiwan

Chien

Kuo

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background/Aims: Childhood-onset hypertension is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and adult mortality. This study aimed to assess guideline-adherent hypertension among Taiwanese youth and the agreement on hypertension between the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and the 2004 Fourth Report. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected outpatient blood pressure (OBP) measurements obtained during routine care visits from a large healthcare delivery system between 2009 and 2018 to evaluate the rate of guideline-adherent hypertension and assess patient-related factors of pediatric hypertension. Results: In total, 12,469 children and adolescents who underwent three separate ≥3 OBP measurements over 33,369 person-years with a total of 95,608 BP measurements in an outpatient setting were analyzed. According to the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines, the rate of pediatric hypertension in the study setting, which included participants aged 1 to 17 years, ranged from 0.78 to 5.95 per 1000 persons. Although there was perfect agreement between the thresholds of the two guidelines for defining hypertension in the age groups of 1–7, 8–12, and 13–17 years (all κ statistic ≥ 0.85), the use of the AAP threshold classified more adolescents as having hypertension. Children and adolescents with hypertension often had complex chronic diseases and required substantial healthcare services in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient settings. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence of guideline-adherent pediatric hypertension and highlights the importance of regularly monitoring blood pressure to identify and manage hypertension in children and adolescents. Further research is required to determine the impact of new thresholds on the detection of target organ damage at a pediatric age.

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“…This finding is consistent with national data showing that the prevalence of hypertension has been consistently higher in male children and adolescents for over a decade in Taiwan. 50 Also, it has been long evident that the risk for OSA differs by sex. Male sex is a key risk factor for severe adolescent OSA 51 and OSA evolving from childhood to young adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3% Oxygen Desaturation Index is an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension Among Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Chuang¹,

Wang²,

Chuang³

et al. 2022

NSS

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Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are both directional risk factors of hypertension. Chronic intermittent hypoxemia (IH) is a commonly observed pathophysiological mechanism involved in multiple comorbidities of OSA. However, their interactions are not well understood in children. This study aimed to investigate the associations of IH indexes (oxygen desaturation index 3% [ODI3], mean peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO 2 ], least SpO 2 , and time with SpO 2 < 85%), apnea-hypopnea index, and weight status with hypertension in a sample of pediatric OSA patients. Methods The medical records of 365 pediatric OSA patients were retrospectively reviewed in this cross-sectional study. Demographics, anthropometrics, standard in-laboratory polysomnography, and nocturnal blood pressure were collected. Multivariate logistic regression with forward selection was used to identify independent predictors of hypertension. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ODI3 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.03) and body mass index z-score (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12–1.60) were independent continuous predictors of pediatric hypertension, whilst severe OSA (OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.60–4.29) and overweight/obesity (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.59–4.34) were independent categorical predictors. Traditional risk factors including male sex (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.02–5.33), late childhood/adolescence (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.01–3.88), and overweight/obesity (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.56–5.67) combined with sleep hypoxemia (least SpO 2 ≤ 95%) (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.16–4.04) predicted hypertension ( R 2 = 0.21) in the severe IH subgroup (n = 205), while the no/mild IH subgroup (n = 160) had an entirely different predictor, severe OSA (OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 1.49–9.74) ( R 2 = 0.07). Conclusion The close relationships among IH, overweight/obesity, and hypertension highlight the importance of reducing IH and body weight in children with OSA.

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A reappraisal of the prevalence of pediatric hypertension through a nationwide database in Taiwan

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of arterial hypertension among Ukrainian students: the comparison of European and American guidelines

Prevalence of arterial hypertension among Ukrainian students: the comparison of European and American guidelines

Guideline-Adherent Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Multi-Institutional Database Analysis from Taiwan

The 3% Oxygen Desaturation Index is an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension Among Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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