A Reappraisal of the Social and Political Participation of Negroes

Orum, Anthony M.

doi:10.1086/224258

Cited by 127 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…This is in agreement with Orum's (1966) findings that the relationship between social class and member ship in voluntary associations is not as pronounced for blacks as it is for whites. _In examining the black elderly volunteer, one must also take into consideration the extensive research done on the SERVE project (Sainer and Zander 1971;Babic 1972;Kallan, Sainer and Zander 1973).…”

Section: Whosupporting

confidence: 92%

“…They remain iso lated from civic affairs, sometimes due to discrimination. In contrast to this point of view, as far back as 1944 Myrdal (Orum, 1966) intro duced the idea that blacks participate and belong to more voluntary associations than other Americans. He felt that because blacks were kept out of most organized social and political activities in our so ciety, they compensated by forming and participating in a great number of voluntary associations among themselves.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…They find this to be true for blacks at all social class levels, especially the lower class, with two thirds of the lower class blacks in their sample belonging to one or more voluntary associations (not including church or union affiliations). Orum (1966) examines data from research done in Detroit, Chicago and Washington D.C. ·Without controlling for socio-economic status the white respondents show a higher membership rate than the blacks. With controls for SES, the lower class blacks were shown to be more likely affiliated with organizations than the lo~yer class whites.…”

Section: Black and White Membership Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He felt that because blacks were kept out of most organized social and political activities in our so ciety, they compensated by forming and participating in a great number of voluntary associations among themselves. While Myrdal stresses the "pathological" nature of this phenomenon, other researchers have sup ported the basic content of this "compensatory" theory (Orum, 1966;Babchuk and Thompson, 1962).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Black Elderly Volunteer

Gonzales¹

2000

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Section: Whosupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Black and White Membership Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Black Elderly Volunteer

Gonzales¹

2000

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“…This finding has led to the "isolation hypothesis," which suggests that Blacks are isolated from civic activities because they are excluded from meaningful involvement in the larger society. Others, however, have found greater formal participation among Blacks (see e.g., Babchuk & Thompson, 1962;Clemente, Rexroad, & Hirsch, 1975;Myrdal, Sterner, & Rose, 1944;Orum, 1966;Williams, Babchuk, & Johnson, 1973) and have argued in favor of the "compensation hypothesis," which claims that Blacks overcompensate for barriers to the larger society by becoming highly involved in available voluntary organizations. Another explanation of greater voluntary organization participation among Blacks is the "ethnic community perspective," which suggests that high levels of race and class consciousness lead to greater Black membership in formal organizations (Ellison & London, 1992;Olsen, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Voluntary Organization Membership: An Examination of Race and Cohort Differences

Miner

Tolnay

1998

The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences an

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Objectives. This research uses age stratification, isolation, compensatory, and ethnic community perspectives to predict differences by race in the utilization of formal organizations across cohorts. Voluntary organizations are classified into three general types: social service clubs, job-related groups, and neighborhood organizations. We hypothesize that racial differences in organizational participation will be wider for older cohorts than for younger cohorts, as a result of historical racism. Moreover, we expect the racial differences across cohorts to be greater for those organizations (i.e., social service and job-related groups) where racial barriers to membership were strongest.Methods. We use the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) and logistic regression analysis to determine the predicted probabilities of membership in organizations by race, age, and type of membership.Results. The results reveal higher levels of participation in organizations for young Blacks (than for young Whites). At the oldest ages, however, the race differential reverses direction for social/service and job-related organizations. For neighborhood organizations, the race differential is more stable across cohorts, consistent with expectations.Discussion. We interpret these race-cohort patterns as evidence of historical discrimination that affected the oldest cohorts to a greater extent-especially for social/service and job-related organizations.

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The Psychological Underpinnings of Political Behavior

Krosnick

Visser

Harder³

2010

Handbook of Social Psychology

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A. life, liberty, and property B. honor, liberty, and peace C. liberty, health, and community D. life, respect, and equal protection E. life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Educational testing research documents that performance on such items hinges not only on the respondent ' s familiarity with the question ' s subject matter but on how difficult the " distractor " response options are (e.g., Kline, 1986). For anyone who majored in American Politics in college, reading options A -D in this context might induce a smile. The distractors are all structurally similar to the right answer (naming three " rights " ), and they are all plausible. But for people who have heard about the Declaration of Independence only very occasionally in school and have never read it, this might be a much tougher question.What if the question were asked this way instead:Which of the following are the inalienable rights referred to in the Declaration of Independence?A. to own a boat, to laugh occasionally, and to have a good meal daily B. to have a pet, to sleep in a bed every night, and to breathe air daily C. to live, to learn, and to love D. to vacation in a country away from home, to chop vegetables with a knife, and to get regular haircuts E. life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

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A Reappraisal of the Social and Political Participation of Negroes

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

The Black Elderly Volunteer

The Black Elderly Volunteer

Barriers to Voluntary Organization Membership: An Examination of Race and Cohort Differences

The Psychological Underpinnings of Political Behavior

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