A Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Tree Topology

Park, Inhye; Yi, Joonhwan; Lee, Hyungkeun

doi:10.1155/2015/950656

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The energy consumption through the new P 1 and P 2 determined at peak time and off/peak time is expressed by the following equation. Equations (5) and (6) provide the transmission energy consumed in the periods of P 1 and P 2 , respectively. Equations (7) and (8) provide the received energy consumed in the periods P 1 and P 2 .…”

Section: Determining the Period Of The Receiving Node Based On The Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for IoT Environments and Wireless Sensor Networks

Kim

Kang

2019

Energies

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This paper proposes a new protocol that can be used to reduce transmission delay and energy consumption effectively. This will be done by adjusting the duty-cycle (DC) ratio of the receiver node and the contention window size of the sender node according to the traffic congestion for various devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). In the conventional duty-cycle MAC protocol, the data transmission delay latency and unnecessary energy consumption are caused by a high collision rate. This is because the receiver node cannot sufficiently process the data of the transmitting node during the traffic peak time when the transmission and reception have the same duty-cycle ratio. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm that changes the duty-cycle ratio of the receiver and broadcasts the contention window size of the senders through Early Acknowledgment (E-ACK) at peak time and off/peak time. The proposed algorithm, according to peak and off/peak time, can transmit data with fewer delays and minimizes energy consumption.Energies 2019, 12, 4069 2 of 13 an environment with traffic congestion causes problems of transmission delay, and the entire service life of the application is shortened due to the collision. Thus, the use of the existing duty-cycle (DC) MAC protocol [5] is not suitable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a protocol for effective event detection [6] and data collection [7] considering various traffic conditions. For example, if the total number of wake-ups to listen to an application is determined [8], the existing duty-cycle MAC occurs irrespective of the congestion occurring at the time of the traffic. This reduces data collisions and transmission delays if the receiver wakes up frequently only at times in heavy traffic.The proposed algorithm increases the number of wake-up times by reducing the sleep time of the receiver at the peak traffic time and reduces the number of wake-up in the opposite case. This demonstrates reduced energy consumption. This paper proposes a new duty-cycle based MAC protocol suitable for congested WSNs and IoT. According to the degree of network traffic congestion, the duty-cycle ratio of the receiver and the contention window size information of the senders are broadcast through E-ACK (Early Acknowledgment), which reduces the transmission latency and waste of energy.The composition of the paper is described in detail in Section 1, followed by a summary of related work in Section 2. Section 3 proposes the operation procedure of the MAC layer. In Section 4, mathematical modeling is performed to predict the proposed algorithm and performance. In Section 5, we compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with the energy consumption and average service latency. Finally, Section 6 presents conclusions and future research topics.

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Section: Determining the Period Of The Receiving Node Based On The Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for IoT Environments and Wireless Sensor Networks

Kim

Kang

2019

Energies

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“…Over the years, a large number of receiver-based PS-MAC protocols have been proposed by [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30] to overcome the problem of a receiver node, which might wake-up twice or more compared to the transmitter node due to wrong traffic estimation. The following are the selected related works that have been analyzed based on strengths and weaknesses.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [25], the authors proposed a protocol named Receiver-Initiated X-MAC with Tree Topology (TRIX-MAC). In this protocol, when the receiver node is in an “active” mode, it appends a new field into the preamble beacon message and periodically broadcasts it to the transmitter nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If no transmitter node has a data message to send, the receiver node switches back to the sleep “mode”. This protocol addresses the high delay issue that occurred at the other transmitter nodes that have data messages to send, because this protocol prevents the communication channel from occupying the preamble message sent by the transmitter nodes [25]. However, a receiver node that uses this protocol to transmit a packet might wake-up twice or more compared to the transmitter node due to wrong traffic estimation [32].…”

Section: Background On Receiver-initiated Mac and The Proposed Mecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Adaptive Wake-Up-Interval to Enhance Receiver-Based Ps-Mac Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Adam

Por

Hussain

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Many receiver-based Preamble Sampling Medium Access Control (PS-MAC) protocols have been proposed to provide better performance for variable traffic in a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, most of these protocols cannot prevent the occurrence of incorrect traffic convergence that causes the receiver node to wake-up more frequently than the transmitter node. In this research, a new protocol is proposed to prevent the problem mentioned above. The proposed mechanism has four components, and they are Initial control frame message, traffic estimation function, control frame message, and adaptive function. The initial control frame message is used to initiate the message transmission by the receiver node. The traffic estimation function is proposed to reduce the wake-up frequency of the receiver node by using the proposed traffic status register (TSR), idle listening times (ILTn, ILTk), and “number of wake-up without receiving beacon message” (NWwbm). The control frame message aims to supply the essential information to the receiver node to get the next wake-up-interval (WUI) time for the transmitter node using the proposed adaptive function. The proposed adaptive function is used by the receiver node to calculate the next WUI time of each of the transmitter nodes. Several simulations are conducted based on the benchmark protocols. The outcome of the simulation indicates that the proposed mechanism can prevent the incorrect traffic convergence problem that causes frequent wake-up of the receiver node compared to the transmitter node. Moreover, the simulation results also indicate that the proposed mechanism could reduce energy consumption, produce minor latency, improve the throughput, and produce higher packet delivery ratio compared to other related works.

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“…RP-MAC 16 extends RW-MAC with a feature called frame reordering which reduces the delivery latency using the next wake-up information of several receivers to reorder the transmission buffer of the sender. A receiver-initiated X-MAC with tree topology is proposed in Park et al 17 S Basagni et al 18 redefine the CTP for duty-cycled WSNs, which uses the auxiliary radio of node called wake-up radio to eliminate idle listening and decrease the delivery delay. Wang et al 19 analyze the energy consumption for duty-cycled sensor networks with different data rates, and design a light-weight adaptive duty-cycling protocol, which reduces the energy consumption under different data rates and protocol dynamics.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved asynchronous energy-saving mechanism for IEEE 802.15.5-based networks

Yuan

Lin

2018

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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IEEE 802.15.5 standard introduces the mesh routing which improves reliability and robustness of routing in wireless sensor network since there are multiple routes from source node to destination node. To achieve energy efficiency for a long network lifetime, the asynchronous energy saving is proposed in IEEE 802.15.5, which includes the receiver-initiated unicast mechanism and the sender-initiated broadcast mechanism. In this article, an improved asynchronous energy saving named semi-synchronous energy saving is proposed to deal with the energy inefficiency from idle listening existing in asynchronous energy saving. In semi-synchronous energy saving, every node maintains the wake/sleep schedule information of nodes in its two-hop neighborhood and uses this information to calculate the wake-up time of an interested neighbor that the data will be sent to, which reduces idle listening time in both unicast and broadcast mechanisms. A low delay routing mechanism is also proposed based on the wake/sleep schedule information of neighbors. Furthermore, the optimal guard time to guarantee receiving the wake-up notification from neighbor in the presence of clock drift is investigated for saving energy. The performance analysis and simulation evaluation show that semi-synchronous energy saving saves more than 80% of energy with less than 30% memory cost compared to asynchronous energy saving, and it also improves the time of completing broadcast and the end-to-end delay.

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A Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Tree Topology

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for IoT Environments and Wireless Sensor Networks

Dynamic Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for IoT Environments and Wireless Sensor Networks

An Adaptive Wake-Up-Interval to Enhance Receiver-Based Ps-Mac Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

An improved asynchronous energy-saving mechanism for IEEE 802.15.5-based networks

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