A Recent and Systematic Review on Water Extraction from the Atmosphere for Arid Zones

Abstract

Water is essential for food security, industrial output, ecological sustainability, and a country’s socioeconomic progress. Water scarcity and environmental concerns have increased globally in recent years as a result of the ever-increasing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization, and poor water resource management. Even though there are sufficient water resources, their uneven circulation leads to shortages and the requirement for portable fresh water. More than two billion people live in water-stressed areas. Hence, the present study covers all of the research based on water extraction from atmospheric air, including theoretical and practical (different experimental methods) research. A comparison between different results is made. The calculated efficiency of the systems used to extract water from atmospheric air by simulating the governing equations is discussed. The effects of different limitations, which affect and enhance the collectors’ efficiency, are studied. This research article will be very useful to society and will support further research on the extraction of water in arid zones.

Carbon Footprint Reduction by Reclaiming Condensed Water

“…Even in modern society, freshwater shortages and water scarcity continue to be a recurring problem in various parts of the world [34,39,40] despite our perceived distance from these issues. Today, population growth, soaring living standards, global warming, and the uncertainties of climatic variability have already affected water availability, demands, and uneven water distribution, causing more than two billion people to live in waterdeficient areas or during water crises [41,42]. Different strategies and dedicated materials were researched for water extraction from atmospheric air devoted to the enhancement of water productivity and versatility in applications [30][31][32][33][34][43][44][45][46][47] particularly in arid regions for the alleviation of water scarcity [42].…”

Experimental Analysis of Atmospheric Water Harvester Using Ammonia Vapour Absorption System

“…Rang Tu and Yunho Hwang concluded that water productivity using VCR technologies lays in the range of 0.13-4.20 L/h and SEC is in the range of 0.18-2.08 kWh/L at air flow rate of 300-1000 m 3 /h. Smaller value can be seen in literature, depending on the size of the device used and the cooling power, 250 mL have been achieved in 1.5 hours [13]. Kwan et al in 2020 has experimented a hybrid system for AWH, this system depends on using a fuel cell to power a VCR machine for harvesting atmospheric water and add the fuel cell (FC) productivity to the VCR AWH productivity; up to 3 L/h of freshwater when RH = 75% with 2 kW FC, which is 50% higher than excluding the FC [14].…”

“…Black cotton saturated with calcium chloride and recycling the latent heat by using dual stage device were analyzed [29,30]. Many other studies have been done on sorption technique with various desiccants and various ways of water collection including dual cycle with VCC for water collection [31,32]. All of these methods are suffering from the high energy consumption, thus high cost of water productivity.…”

In Situ Synthesis of 3D BiOCl–Graphene Aerogel and Synergistic Effect by Photo-Assisted Activation of Persulfate for Methyl Orange Degradation

“…Water is the indispensably precious resource that mankind depends on for existence and development [ 1 ]. By the year 2025, the number of people who lack access to safe drinking water is estimated to be more than 2 billion; nearly 20% of the global population will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity [ 2 , 3 ]. Unfortunately, rapid economic development, industrialization, and urbanization have exacerbated water shortages and water quality degradation.…”