A Recipe for Perioperative Cardioprotection

Economic Evaluation of Pharmacologic Pre- and Postconditioning With Sevoflurane Compared With Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Liver Surgery: A Cost Analysis

“…The clinical relevance of the protective effects provided by volatile anesthetics is the subject of an ongoing debate that has lasted for 3 decades. 31 In cardiac surgery, the use of volatile anesthetics is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and of myocardial infarction. 32 Beside the beneficial effects in liver surgery, there is also sound evidence on neuroprotection and protection exerted by volatile anesthetics against ischemic acute kidney injury.…”

Contextualising evidence based medicine in determining the key root for translational effectiveness for chronic disease self-management and heart failure

“…In the 1980's concern of volatile anesthesia and silent ischemic burden were not backed by trial findings where 70% of patients had intracardiac protective agent. The association between agent toxicity versus cardioprotection could not be corroborated [37]. Publications a decade later support the notion that surgery is safer in the current era however rates of perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events, are still a significant clinical problem [38,39].…”