A recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 field strain derived from two PRRSV-2-modified live virus vaccines

Trevisan, Giovani; Magstadt, Drew R.; Woods, Amy L.; Sparks, J.; Zeller, Michael A.; Li, Ganwu; Krueger, Karen; Saxena, Anugrah; Zhang, Jianqiang; Gauger, Phillip C.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1149293

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the United States, a recombinant virus was isolated from an Indiana farm, identified as a natural recombinant derived from Ingelvac PRRS MLV and Prevacent PRRS through phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses. Despite originating from two commercially available PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines under field conditions, no gross or microscopic lesions suggestive of a PRRSV infection were observed in lung tissues, suggesting that this recombinant was non-virulent in swine [ 136 ]. Recombination may, in certain circumstances, trigger reversion to virulence.…”

Section: MLV and Kv Vaccines—current Scenario And Emerging Research F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects

Li,

Miller,

Sang

2024

Vaccines

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a formidable challenge for the global pig industry. Caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), this disease primarily affects porcine reproductive and respiratory systems, undermining effective host interferon and other immune responses, resulting in vaccine ineffectiveness. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments for PRRSV, vaccines play a crucial role in managing the disease. The current market features a range of vaccine technologies, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines, but only modified live virus (MLV) and killed virus (KV) vaccines are commercially available for PRRS control. Live vaccines are promoted for their enhanced protective effectiveness, although their ability to provide cross-protection is modest. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines are emphasized for their safety profile but are limited in their protective efficacy. This review updates the current knowledge on PRRS vaccines’ interactions with the host interferon system, and other immunological aspects, to assess their current status and evaluate advents in PRRSV vaccine development. It presents the strengths and weaknesses of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines in the prevention and management of PRRS, aiming to inspire the development of innovative strategies and technologies for the next generation of PRRS vaccines.

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Section: MLV and Kv Vaccines—current Scenario And Emerging Research F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects

Li,

Miller,

Sang

2024

Vaccines

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show abstract

“…MLV vaccines have better efficacy of protection against homologous viruses and also have partial heterologous protection, therefore are widely used ( 25 , 27 ). But they have safety concerns and limited protection against emerging field strains ( 28 – 30 ). Hence, alternative strategies to combat PRRSV are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic efficacy of tylvalosin combined with Poria cocos polysaccharides against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

et al. 2023

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases of pigs worldwide. Vaccination and various management measures have been implemented to control PRRS. However, due to high genetic diversity and insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis and immunological mechanisms, PRRS is still a challenge to the pig industry. Therefore, it is important to develop novel strategies to combat PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection. In this study, our data show that tylvalosin, a third-generation animal-specific macrolide, could inhibit PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells, and suppress the PRRSV-induced NF-κB activation and cytokines expression. The pig infection experiment further demonstrated that tylvalosin could significantly reduce the virus loads in serum and tissues, and alleviate lung lesions of pigs infected with highly pathogenic PRRSV strains. The fever and loss of daily gain (LoDG) of the pigs were decreased as well. Considering the feature of immune suppression of PRRSV, a combination of tylvalosin with the immunopotentiator Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) was developed. Pig experiment showed this combination had a better therapeutic efficacy against PRRSV infection than tylvalosin and PCP alone in attenuating lung lesions, alleviating fever, and suppressing cytokines production. This study suggests that tylvalosin has significant antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects against PRRSV infection, and the combination of tylvalosin and PCP provides a promising strategy for PRRS treatment.

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Genomic RNA recombination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and other arteriviruses

Tang,

Hung,

Yoo

2025

Virology

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A recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 field strain derived from two PRRSV-2-modified live virus vaccines

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects

Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects

Therapeutic efficacy of tylvalosin combined with Poria cocos polysaccharides against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Genomic RNA recombination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and other arteriviruses

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